Review Sessions

Question 1

How many ATP produced in during Krebs Cycle?

Answer 1

34

Question 2

Products of Glycolysis

Answer 2

2 ATP and pyruvic acid and lactic acid(if no oxygen)

Question 3

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

Answer 3

A,D,E & K

Question 4

What can be an issue of fat soluble vitamins?

Answer 4

they are stored in fat cells and you can overdose

Question 5

What foods are high in vitamin A

Answer 5

carrots, whole milk, colorful fruits and veggies

Question 6

foods high in vitamin D

Answer 6

sunshine, fortified milk, eggs, and saltwater fish

Question 7

foods high in vitamin E

Answer 7

green leafy veggies, nuts, seeds

Question 8

foods high in vitamin K

Answer 8

dark berries, green leafy veggies

Question 9

What are water soluble vitamins?

Answer 9

vitamin C and B vitamins

Question 10

apoptosis

Answer 10

programmed cell death

Question 11

What happens if apoptosis doesn’t occur properly?

Answer 11

cells will begin to divide and grow abnormally and cancerous growth can occur.

Question 12

Na/K pump; ratio of Na:K; where are both ions located

Answer 12

3:2; K Ions located inside the cell, Na ions outside the cell

Question 13

Atrophy

Answer 13

cell size shrinks due to no use

Question 14

dystrophy

Answer 14

cell size shrink due to an auto immune reason

Question 15

What causes Tay Sachs?

Answer 15

mutation on chromosome 15

Question 16

Who is susceptible to Tay Sachs?

Answer 16

Jewish descent

Question 17

What happens during Tay Sachs disease?

Answer 17

autosomal lysosome disease; absent enzyme that makes body eat itself; neuro degenerative disorder

Question 18

when someone has a heart attack, pain in arm

Answer 18

Example of referred pain

Question 19

pigmented skin rash in sun caused by what vitamin?

Answer 19

Niacin

Question 20

Simple Reflex Arc steps

Answer 20

Afferent neuron carries sensory impulses to enter dorsal horn of the spinal cord.
The afferent neuron connects with an interneuron in the substantia gelatinosa.
The interneuron connects to an efferent neuron that exits via the ventral horn and enacts motor activity.

Question 21

The simple reflex arc is protective, what does this mean?

Answer 21

Allows for immediate action by the body without requiring time for interpretation by the brain.

Question 22

Gate Control Theory 3 neuron chain

Answer 22

1: afferent neuron stimulated by pain in periphery, sending an impulse into the spinal cord.
2: interneuron that is influenced by descending nerve tracts from the brain or ascending nerve tracts from the spinal cord
3: neurons impulse projects upward into the brain

Question 23

complex regional pain syndrome

Answer 23

progressive disorder characterized by severe pain, edema, discoloration and changes in skin

Question 24

Fibromyalgia

Answer 24

people experience long term body wide pain; to be diagnosed have to have it for more than 3 months and have pain in 11-18 tender points

Question 25

Trigeminal Neuralgia

Answer 25

nerve disorder that causes a stabbing or electric shock-like pain in parts of the face

Question 26

Afferent neurons

Answer 26

sensory nerves that carry pain, temp, touch, proprioception, vibration, and pressure sensations into spinal cord

Question 27

Two types of Afferent neurons

Answer 27

A delta: large and myelinated; conduct impulses rapidly and cause first, short-lived acute C delta: smaller and unmyelinated; slower and cause persistent dull pain

Question 28

visceral pain

Answer 28

pain from deep organs, can be vague, pressure like squeezing

Question 29

somatic pain

Answer 29

originates from ligaments, tendons, bones, blood vessels and nerves; dull, poorly localized pain of longer duration

Question 30

Dehydration

Answer 30

body cells shrink

Question 31

The causes of fluid Volume Overload

Answer 31

heart failure, certain cancers secrete ADH

Question 32

What is albumin role in fluid balance

Answer 32

the protein attracts water, if not enough it can cause edema; low albumin= edema

Question 33

Diabetic Ketoacidosis

Answer 33

its metabolic acidosis so experience kushmols breathing to compensate; caused by an increased potassium

Question 34

Foods high in potassium

Answer 34

dreid fruits, spinach, meat, bananas

Question 35

Salt substitutes are high in ____________

Answer 35

potassium

Question 36

What med doesn't go with potassium?

Answer 36

Degoxen

Question 37

Causes of hypomagnesium

Answer 37

burns, frequent urination, laxative abuse

Question 38

What are you at risk for when you are constantly vomiting?

Answer 38

Metabolic alkalosis

Question 39

Increased calcium causes_______ phosphorus?

Answer 39

decreased

Question 40

Increased calcium causes __________ magnesium?

Answer 40

Increased

Question 41

Where are Cilia located and what do they do?

Answer 41

In respiratory tract, push debris out= why smokers have poor breathing

Question 42

How to best asses daily input/output?

Answer 42

daily weight

Question 43

Hypoventilation causes what?

Answer 43

respiratory acidosis; ex: drug overdose

Question 44

Renal failure causes what?

Answer 44

metabolic acidosis

Question 45

Tetracycoline does what?

Answer 45

breaks down ribosome, inhibits protein synthesis

Question 46

Not getting enough O2 causes

Answer 46

lactic acid buildup= pain in muscles

Question 47

how to treat hyperventilation

Answer 47

breathing into a bag to rebreath CO2