Reviewer #1 Flashcards
(36 cards)
A complex and intricate
network of specialized cells, tissues and organs that defends and protect the body from invading pathogens, removes and destroys damaged or dead cells, and identifies and destroys
malignant cells, thereby preventing their further development into tumors
Immune System
the body’s ability to resist disease
Immunity
Immune responses serve the following three functions
- Defense
- Homeostasis
- Surveillance
Damaged cellular substances are
digested and removed. Through this mechanism,
the body’s different cell types remain uniform
and unchanged
Homeostasis
Mutations continually arise in the
body but are normally recognized as foreign cells
and destroyed
Surveillance
The body protects against invasions by
microorganisms and prevents the development
of infection by attacking foreign antigens and
pathogens
Defense
a substance that elicits an immune response
antigen
All body’s cells have antigens on their surface that
are unique to that person and enable the body to
recognize itself
true
The immune system normally becomes “tolerant” to
the body’s own molecules. Therefore, it is
nonresponsive to
self antigens
present at birth, and its primary
role is first-line defense against pathogens
Innate immunity
a non-specific response activated by both minor
and major injuries
Inflammation
a major function of
the natural immune system that is elicited in
response to tissue injury or invading microorganisms
inflammatory response
results from the
invasion of the body by foreign substances such
as microorganisms and subsequent development
of antibodies and sensitized lymphocytes
Active Acquired Immunity
Implies that the host
receives antibodies to an antigen rather than
synthesizing them
Passive Acquired Immunity
are integral to the adaptive
immune response
T cells and B cells
T lymphocytes can be categorized into
T cytotoxic
and T helper cells
involved in attacking
antigens on the cell membrane of foreign
pathogens and releasing cytolytic substances that
destroy pathogen. These cells have antigen
specificity and are synthesized by exposure to the
antigen
T Cytotoxic Cells (CD8)
are involved in the regulation
of cell-mediated immunity and the humoral
antibody response. T helper cells differentiate
into subsets of cells that produce distinct types of
cytokines
T Helper Cells (CD4)
consists of the lymph nodes,
spleen, thymus, tonsils, lymphoid tissue scattered in
connective tissues and mucosa, and the bone
marrow. The lymphoid system recovers proteins such
as albumin for the vascular system and protects the
bloodstream from invading organisms. Immune cells
continuously circulate through lymphoid tissues and
organs, identifying and destroying foreign antigens
The lymphoid system
When the body is invaded or attacked by bacteria,
viruses, or other pathogens, it has three means of
defense
The phagocytic immune response
The humoral or antibody immune response
The cellular immune response
programmed cell death, is the body’s
way of destroying worn-out cells such as blood or
skin cells or cells that need to be renewed
Apoptosis
The structural part of the invading or attacking
organism that is responsible for stimulating antibody
production is called an
antigen
The immune response involves complex interactions
of T cells, B cells, monocytes, and neutrophils, and
the interaction depends on
cytokines
are antiviral and immunomodulatory Cytokines such as erythropoietin, colonystimulating factors and above are used clinically
to (1) stimulate hematopoiesis, (2) stimulate the
bone marrow to make WBCs, and (3) treat various
malignancies
iNTERFERONS
