Revision Questions Flashcards
1
Q
Periodontium consists of
A
- Gingiva
- PDL
- Cementum
- Alveolar bone proper
2
Q
The types of mucosa
A
- Masticatory
- Specialised
- Lining
3
Q
Masticatory mucosa covers
A
Gingiva and hard palate
Is keratinised
4
Q
Specialised mucosa covers
A
Dorsum of tongue
5
Q
Lining mucosa covers
A
- Soft palate
- Inside of lips
- Floor of mouth
- Vestibulum
- Ventral surface of tongue
6
Q
Two types of Free gingiva
A
- Marginal
- Interdental
7
Q
Parts of periodontal status
A
- Probing depth
- Gingival margin
- Tooth mobility
- Furcation
- Presence of implants
8
Q
Tooth mobility is classified according to
A
Miller
9
Q
Millers classification for mobility
A
- Class 0
- Class 1
- Class 2
- Class 3
10
Q
Class 0 mobility
A
0.1-0.2 mm in horizontal direction
11
Q
Class 1 mobility
A
Less than 1mm mobility in horizontal direction
12
Q
Class 2 mobility
A
1-2 mm mobility in horizontal direction
13
Q
Class 3 mobility
A
> 2mm mobility in horizontal and vertical direction
14
Q
Furcation classifications
A
- Class 0
- Class 1
- Class 2
- Class 3
15
Q
Class 0 furcation
A
No furcation involvement
16
Q
Class 1 furcation
A
Horizontal direction, probe travels less than 3mm
through one or two entrances
17
Q
Class 2 furcation
A
Horizontal direction, probe travels more than 3mm
-Probe doesnt go through whole furcation
-Only in one entrane
18
Q
Class 3 furcation
A
Horizontal, probe travels more than 6mm making through and through lesion
two or more entrances
19
Q
Subclasses of furcation in class 3
A
- Less than 3mm in vertical direction
- 3-6mm in vertical direction
- More than 6mm in vertical direction
20
Q
Gingival margin
A
Distance measured in mm from gingival margin to the CEJ
Positive or negative
21
Q
Clinical attachment level
A
Distance measured in mm from CEJ to bottom of sulcus
22
Q
4 types of gingival diagnosis
A
- Gingivitis
- Paradontitis superficialis
- Paradontitis profunda
- Paradontitis interadicularis
23
Q
Gingivitis characteristics
A
- Bop
- PD 3mm or less
- No CAL
- No bone loss
May have pseudopocket formation
24
Q
Paradontitis superficialis characteristics
A
- PD 3-5mm
- BOP
- CAL loss
- Angular or horizontal bone loss
- Mobility
25
Paradontitis profunda characteristics
* PD over 6mm
* BOP
* CAL
* Angular or horizontal bone loss
* Mobility
26
Paradontitis interadicularis characteristics
* Furcation involvement
* BOP
* CAL
* PD variable
27
Diagnosis where debridement is done
* Periodontitis superficialis
* Periodontitis profunda
* Periodontitis Inter-radicularis
28
Debridement
* Removal of calculus on hard tooth surfaces
* In sulcus area and subgingivally using scalers
29
Two stages of debridement
Root scaling
Root planning
30
Root scaling
* Removal of soft and hard deposits on the root
* Can be done with hand and ultrasonic instruments
31
Root planning
Removal of necrotic cementum and dentine to achieve smooth root
32
4 main factors for diagnosis
* BOP
* PD
* CAL
* Bone resorption
33
Phases of treatment
* Systemic
* Hygienic
* Re-evaluation
* Corrective
* Maintenance
34
Important factors to consider in systemic phase
* Systemic disease
* General condition
* Medication
* Smoking cessesation
35
Objective of hygienic phase
* Achieve clean and infection free oral cavity
* Removal of all deposits on teeth and plaque retentive factors
* Extraction of irrational to treat teeth
36
Two main groups of plaque retentive factors
1. Natural
2. Anthropogenic
37
Natural plaque retentive factors
* Calculus
* Caries
* Orthodontic anomalies
* Deep pits and fissures
* Crowded teeth
* Recession
* Furcations
* Fractures
* Radices
* Frenulum attachments
38
Anthrogenic plaque retentive factors
* Shorter crown
* Bridges
* Brackets and retainers
* Poorly adapted obturations
39
3 types of oral epithelium
1. Oral epithelium
2. Sulcular epithelium
3. Junctional epithelium
## Footnote
1. Keratinised
2. Non keratinised
3. Non keratinised
40
Drug groups that cause hyperplasia
* Antiepileptics
* Immunosuppresants
* Calcium channel blockers
41
Two main groups of mechanical scalers
1. Ultrasonic scalers
2. Sonic scalers
## Footnote
1. Convert electrical current into mechanical energy in form of high frequency vibrations
2. Use air pressure to create mechanical vibration
42
Vibration Frequency of sonic scalers
3000-8000 Hz
43
Vibration Frequency of Ultra-sonic scalers
18000-45000
44
Types of ultrasonic scalers
1. Piezoelectric scaler
2. Magnetostrictive scaler
## Footnote
1. Ulternating electrical current causes dimensional change in handpiece-> vibrations
2. Current produces magnetic field that causes instrument vibration
45
Piezoelectric scaler vibration frequency
25000-30000
## Footnote
Can reach upto 45000
46
Magnetostrictive scaler vibration frequency
25000-30000
## Footnote
can reach upto 45000
47
Difference between piezoelectric and magnetostrictive scalers
Pattern of vibration
48
Pattern of vibration for Piezoelectric scalers
Linear
## Footnote
Only lateral side of scaling tip used
49
Pattern of vibration for Magnetostrictive scalers
Elliptical
## Footnote
All surfaces of scaling tip are active
50
4 parts of curette
1. Handle
2. Shank
3. Working part
4. Terminal shank
51
Types of currettes
1. Universal
2. Gracey
52
Scaler cross section
Triangular
53
Universal curette cross section
Semi circle
54
Gracey curette cross section
Trapezoid
55
Characteristics of universal curettes
* Working part has 2 cutting edges laterally
* Angle between face of working part and terminal shank 90 degrees
* Working part curved in one direction
56
Characteristics of gracey curettes
* Only one cutting surface
* Angle between face of working part and terminal shank 70 degrees
## Footnote
Working end curved in two directions
57
Periodontal hand instruments used to remove small deposts subgingivally for specific tooth group
Gracey curettes
58
Periodontal hand instruements used to remove subgingival deposits on ALL surfaces of the tooth
Universal curettes
59
Difference between periodontal probe and periodontal explorer
* Periodontal probe is Atraumatic to gingiva and explorer is traumatic if not calibratred
60
Chemical plaque control classified according to
Lang and Newman
61
Biological width
Soft tissues around the teeth
62
Pseudopocket
* Forms at level of gingival margin
* Coronal movement of gingiva due to hyperplasia
63
Difference between after 5, mini 5 and micro 5 compared to standard
1. After 5 has longer terminal shank
2. Mini 5 has same properties as after 5 but blade half the length
3. Micro 5 has same properties but blade 20% smaller than mini 5
## Footnote
1. 3mm
