revolt in townships 84-7

Question 1

describe the UDF and grassroots campaigning

Answer 1

575 orgs made up UDF=aim was to co-ordinate internal opposition against bothas reforms=creation new SA gov based on freedom charter
seen as internal wing anc loose organisation=hard to control militant members=violent demos=no control

Question 2

describe protest strategies

Answer 2

UDF supported COSATU and indian congress=strikes=number dyas loss 6 mil 1986
-COSAS=school boycotts
NECC=provided alternative educational facilities and to encourage students to return to school
-UDF million signatures against new constitution less 12% africans voted in city concil elections

Question 3

describe township government

Answer 3

community council act 1977 elected township councils
1982=soley responsable for running towships=problems seen as collaborators=targed-had to raise own revenue=rent increases=councilors seen as corrupt violence intensified target assassination attempts =very few took part

Question 4

describe grasroots organisation

Answer 4

peoples organ peoples power=UDF=planned protests against rent hikes=by 1989 rent arrears had grown to half billion rand
-funerals of victims pf violence became foci for protest=martyrs
-UDF no leaders to ban although 1987 it was banned no central organistion for security forces to ban

Question 5

describe communal violence

Answer 5

1984=protests for rent increases 175 killed
-necklacing =800 killed

Question 6

describe gov violence

Answer 6

1984=authorised assasination cradock four 1987 bombed COSATU headquaters saying housed mk
-covert=crowbar special forces group=trained to fight SWAPO nambia
-reacted to demonstrations brutality=500 killed 1986=40 political assasinations

Question 7

descibe Inkhata violence

Answer 7

Inkhatagate=members of security forces covertly gave assitance to Inkhata
-third force=murdered 13 members family ANC member Ntuli
-weapons taken by ANC members given to I
gave help to vigilante groups =responsable for 90% of deaths related to unrest
=blamed for 1200 deaths edendale valley

-Buthelezi=chief zulu nation=wanted consolidation zulu natio federated sa=many saw him as collaborator=relations between ANC hostile=stoned sobukwe funeral
-feared loss influence peace talks=made Kwazulu one party state=opposed UDF
hostility between migrant workers and resident townships=Natal=inhata supporting gov security forces turned blind eye to violence=Sebokeng=Inkhata was going to attack ANC=security forces did nothing

Question 8

describe gov suppression

Answer 8

domestically=arrested and died custody=internal security act 1982=investigated and banned no reason=inquest act 1982=outlawed reportage of deaths custody and criticim of security forces banned under police act=censorship extended
foriegn=angolia=MPLA and cuban allies launched offensive to destroy UNDITA=SADF CAME TO UNITA aid=retreated so long MPLA AND SWAPO remove bases =loss prevented SWAPO gurellias from attacking Nambia
Mozambique=FRELIMO=closed ANC bases for SA to stop supporting opposition gorups=gave SADF respite for full-scale military activity=made it diffcult for SWAPO lauch attacks an ANC needed it to spring board attacks