RH BLOOD GROUP SYSTEM Terminologies only

Question 1

RH Blood group system- refers to a specific red blood cell antigen (____), currently composed of _______ different antigenic specificities

Answer 1

D antigen
61

Question 2

2nd most important blood group system in terms of transfusion, as they are [less/very] immunogenic

Answer 2

RH blood group system

very immunogenic

Question 3

Rh AG reside on

Answer 3

proteins

Question 4

they are produced after exposure to foreign cells and once present, it can cause [2]

Answer 4

Rh AB
HTR, HDN

Question 5

Discoveries that took place in 1939

Answer 5

Philip levine & stetson: RH blood group system [D antigen]

Question 6

Discoveries that took place in 1940

Answer 6

Ab made guinea pigs/rabbit when transfused w/ Rhesus macaque monkey’s RBC

Fisher & Race – INVESTIGATED AG in human + newly defined Rh antrigen

Cc and Ee AG discovered

Question 7

Rh [AG/AB] agglutinated [#%] human RBCs

Answer 7

Rh AB
85%

Question 8

Rh was named after?

Answer 8

Rhesus macaque monkey

Question 9

Anti-Rh produced by animals was renamed as ______. Since [2] discovered it in the animals

Answer 9

Anti-LW

Landsteiner & Weiner

Question 10

Fisher-Race

—based on the theory that antigens of the systems are produced by [2/3] closely linked set of ______: _____ inherited from each parent

Answer 10

3

alleles

DCE

Question 11

Fisher-Race

—RH blood group system antigens

Answer 11

D,d,C,c,E,e

Question 12

What nomenclature is this theory?

Each person inherits a set of Rh genes from each parents

Answer 12

Fisher-Race

Question 13

Fisher-Race

An individual’s Rh phenotype is reported as ____ because Fisher-Race postulated that the ____ locus lies between ____and ____ loci.

Answer 13

DCE

C/c

D/d and E/e

Question 14

Fisher-Race

—-_______ represent actual Ags recognized by
specific antibodies.

Answer 14

C,c,E,e

Question 15

Sequence of immunogenicity degree [high to low]

Answer 15

D>c>E>C>e

Question 16

Enumerate the antigens being coded by the ff:

D gene
C gene
E gene

Answer 16

D antigen
C antigen
E antigen

Question 17

Sequence [w/ percentage] of gene frequency

Answer 17

e [98%] > D [85%] > c [80%] > C [70%] > E [30%] > d [15%]

Question 18

Accdg to this terminology ________

Gene responsible for defining Rh produces an ________ that contains a series of blood _____, in which each factor is an antigen recognized by an _______.

Answer 18

Weiner Terminology

agglutinogen

factors

antibody

Question 19

According to Weiner , this Rh gene produced at least [#] factors within an agglutinogen.

Answer 19

3

Question 20

In Weiber Nomenclature, _______ may be considered the phenotypic expression of the haplotype

Answer 20

Agglutinogen

Question 21

__________ proposed a system that assigns a number to each antigen of the Rh system in order of its discovery or recognized relationship.

Answer 21

Rosenfield & associates Alphanumeric Terminology

Question 22

This simply implies the presence or absence of the antigen on the RBC.

Answer 22

Rosenfield & associates

Question 23

This system has no genetic basis

Answer 23

Rosenfield & Associates

Question 24

adopted a [#]-digit number for each authenticated antigen belonging to a blood group system

Answer 24

International Society of Blood Transfusion [ISBT]

Question 25

ISBT First three number: represent the ______ [___] Remaining three number: ________

Answer 25

system 004] Antigenic Specificity

Question 26

There are 2 closely linked genes located on chromosome 1, that controls the expression of Rh proteins:

Answer 26

RHCE RHD

Question 27

________ - codes for the presence or absence of the RhD protein ________ – codes for either RhCe, RhcE, Rhce, or RhCE proteins

Answer 27

RHD RHCE

Question 28

location of the 2 closely-linked genes that controls the epression of rH proteins.

Answer 28

Chromosome 1

Question 29

resides in chromosome ___, produces a Rh-associated glycoprotein that is very similar in structure to the Rh proteins.

Answer 29

RHAG gene 6

Question 30

is called a coexpressor and must be present the successful expression of the Rh antigens but by itself does not express any of the Rh antigens.

Answer 30

RHAG gene

Question 31

◆ Rh positive individuals constitute ___% of the population ◆ Rh negative individuals do not express the __ antigen on the RBC; Rh negative individuals constitute ____% of the population

Answer 31

85% D 15%

Question 32

absence of Rh antigens on the RBC membrane phenotype written as ________.

Answer 32

Rh null ( ---/---)

Question 33

weakened EXPRESSION of Rh antigens; placing a ______ indicates weakened antigen expression (small)

Answer 33

Rh mod parenthesis

Question 34

Approximately ___% of Rh negative individuals produce anti-___ if given Rh positive blood.

Answer 34

70% anti-D

Question 35

This is not being performed because C and E antigens are not as immunogenic as D

Answer 35

Routine typing of C and E

Question 36

is a weak FORM of the D antigen rarely found among _______ but common in blacks (___%)

Answer 36

Weak D Antigen [Du] Caucasians 22%

Question 37

Du red cells give a [positive/negative-weak] reaction with anti-D

Answer 37

negative-weak

Question 38

Du is detected by performing an _________

Answer 38

Indirect antiglobulin test

Question 39

Mechanisms of Weak D [Du] Antigen Elaborate

Answer 39

Genetic Weak D -- D antigens are completely expressed but FEW IN NUMBERS Position effect: C in Trans to D -- trans causes decreased in D antigen sites. [Normal: DCe/dce] PANTAY [Weakened: Dce/dCe] Incomplete/Partial D or D Mosaic -- 1 or more D epitopes missing/altered; remaining portion then stimulates ALLOANTIBODY Del Phenotype --RBC possess an EXTREMELY low number of D antigen that most reagent anti-D are unable to detect.

Question 40

D antigen as Del phenotype can be detected by

Answer 40

adsorption and elution

Question 41

Rh ANTIBODIES ➔ Mostly [IgM/IgG] and reacts optimally at ___ C after ______ testing (IgG 1,2,3,4; IgG __ and __ are the most clinically significant) ➔ Shows ______ and are enhanced by ______ ➔ Causes _____ (most are [IgM/IgG] and can cross the placenta)

Answer 41

IgG 37C antiglobulin testing IgG1,3 dosage enzymes HDN IgG

Question 42

➔ Immune antibodies: production stimulated by [3]

Answer 42

pregnancy transplantation transfusion

Question 43

RH ANTIBODIES ➔ [Bind/Do not bind] complement (intravascular) ➔ __________ is extravascular

Answer 43

Do not bind RBC destruction

Question 44

most clinically significant types of IgG in RH

Answer 44

IgG1,3