Rhoton's I Flashcards
(500 cards)
1
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Atlas
2
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Axis
3
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Uncinate process
The uncinate process of the cervical spine is a hook-shaped process found bilaterally on the superolateral margin of the cervical vertebral bodies of C3-C7.
The uncinate processes are more anteriorly positioned in the upper cervical spine and more posteriorly location in the lower cervical spine.
4
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Odontoid process
5
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Superior articular facet for joint with occipital condyle
6
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Facet joint
7
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Lamina
8
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Lateral mass
9
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Spinous process
10
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Transverse foramen
11
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V2
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V3
13
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Facet joint
14
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Lamina
15
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Odontoid process
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Transverse process
17
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Facet joint
18
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Spinous process
19
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Pedicle
20
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Superior articular process
21
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Lateral mass
22
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Nerve roots
23
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Facet joints
24
Q
A
Arcuate eminence
25
Carotid groove of sphenoid bone
26
Meatal depression
27
Petrous temporal bone
28
Sigmoid sinus
29
Superior petrosal sinus
30
Tegmen
31
Torcula
32
Trigeminal prominence
33
Tuberculum sella
34
Relations of the sphenoid bone
Frontal and ethmoid anteriorly
Squamosal temporal bone laterally
Posteriorly the petrous temporal and occipital bone
35
What bones form the foramen lacerum?
Foramen lacerum formed by the junction of the petrous apex, sphenoid bone and occipital bone
36
What bounds the lateral edge of the carotid groove of the sphenoid bone?
The lingula
37
Optic canal
38
Planum sphenoidale which forms the roof of the sphenoid sinus
39
Dorsum sella which forms the upper clivus
40
What structure runs here?
This is the petroclival fissure in which the inferior petrosal sinus runs
41
Intrajugular portion of the temporal bone
42
Anterior clinoid process
43
Anterior limbus of chiasmatic sulcus
44
Body of the sphenoid bone
45
Chiasmatic sulcus
46
Dorsum sella
47
Greater wing of sphenoid
48
Lesser wing of sphenoid
49
Posterior clinoid process
50
Sella turcica
51
Tuberculum sella
52
Vidian canal
53
Carotid canal
54
Infratemporal crest
55
Infratemporal fossa
56
Mastoid notch
57
Maxillary sinus
58
Occipital groove
59
Pterygoid process
60
Petroclival fissure
61
Foramen rotundum
62
Median pterygoid plate
63
Vidian canal
64
Carotid canal
65
Foramen ovale
66
Foramen spinosum
67
Etymology- sella turcica
Turkish saddle
68
Pterion
69
Sphenosquamosal suture
70
Temporal fossa
71
Zygoma
72
Zygomatic arch
73
Anterior clinoid process
74
Anterior ethmoid canal
75
Body of sphenoid
76
Ethmoidomaxillary suture
77
Frontal process of maxilla
78
Frontoethmoidal suture
79
Greater wing of sphenoid
80
Inferior orbital fissure
81
Infraorbital canal
82
Infraorbital foramen
83
Contents of the infraorbital canal
Infraorbital nerve (V2)
Infraorbital artery (Maxillary artery)
84
Contents of the anterior ethmoidal foramen
Anterior ethmoidal artery and vein
Anterior ethmoidal nerve, branch of nasociliary (V1)
85
Lacrimal bone
86
Lesser wing of sphenoid
87
Maxilla
88
Optic canal
89
Contents of optic canal
Opthalmic artery
Optic nerve
90
Contents of the inferior orbital fissure
Inferior Orbit Gets Infra-Orbital Nerves And VeinZ
IO: inferior ophthalmic vein (a tributary to both pterygoid venous plexus and cavernous sinus)
G: ganglionic branches from the pterygopalatine ganglion to maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve
ION: infra-orbital nerve (branch CN V2)
A: infra-orbital artery (branch maxillary artery)
V: infra-orbital vein (drains inferior orbit, communicates with the inferior ophthalmic vein, a tributary to pterygoid venous plexus)
Z: zygomatic nerve (branch CN V2)
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Optic strut
92
Orbital plate of ethmoid bone
93
Orbital process of palatine bone
94
Posterior ethmoid foramen
95
Contents of the posterior ethmoid foramen
Posterior ethmoidal foramen opens at the back part of this margin under cover of the projecting lamina of the sphenoid, and transmits the posterior ethmoidal vessels and nerve.
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Sphenoethmoidal suture
97
SOF
98
Contents of SOF
Long Fissures Seem To Store Only Nerves, Instead Of Arteries, Including Ophthalmic Veins (Superior to Inferior)
L: lacrimal nerve (branch of CN V1)
F: frontal nerve (branch of CN V1)
S: superior ophthalmic vein (a tributary to cavernous sinus)
T: trochlear nerve (CN IV)
SO: superior division of the oculomotor nerve (CN III)
N: nasociliary nerve (branch of CN V1)
IO: inferior division of the oculomotor nerve (CN III)
A: abducens nerve (CN VI)
IOV: inferior ophthalmic vein (tributary to both cavernous sinus and pterygoid venous plexus)
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Hiatus of the endolymphatic sac
100
Hook of the sigmoid sinus
101
Inferior petrosal sinus (which runs in the petroclival fissure)
102
Jugular foramen
103
Contents of the jugular foramen
Pars nervosa:
Inferior petrosal sinus
IX + Jacobson's (tympanic canaliculus)
Pars vasculosa:
IJV
X, XI
Nerve of Arnold (mastoid canaliculus)
Posterior meningeal artery
104
Porus of the IAM
105
Cochlear area of IAM
106
Facial canal
107
Inferior vestibular area
108
Singular foramen
It carries the singular nerve, which is also known as the posterior ampullary nerve and is a branch of the inferior vestibular nerve that carries afferent information from the posterior semicircular canal
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Superior vestibular area
110
Transverse (falciform) crest
111
Vertical crest
Bill's bar
112
Contents of singular foramen
The foramen singulare, also known as the singular foramen, is a small opening at the posteroinferior aspect of the fundus of the internal auditory canal (IAC)
It carries the singular or posterior ampullary nerve, a branch of the inferior vestibular nerve which carries afferent information from the posterior semicircular canal
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Central sulcus
114
Frontal lobe
115
Inferior frontal gyrus
116
Middle frontal gyrus
117
Occipital lobe
118
Parietal lobe
119
Parieto-occipital sulcus
120
Pre-occipital notch
121
Supramarginal gyrus
122
Sylvian fissure
123
Temporal lobe
124
Central lobe
125
Central sulcus
126
Frontal lobe
127
Inferior frontal gyrus
128
Inferior frontal sulcus
129
Middle frontal gyrus
130
Middle temporal gyrus
131
Occipital lobe
132
Parietal lobe
133
Post central gyrus
134
Postcentral sulcus
135
Precentral gyrus
136
Precentral sulcus
137
Premotor cortex
138
Subcentral gyrus
139
Superior frontal gyrus
140
Supramarginal gyrus
141
Vein of Trolard
142
Ambient cistern
143
Anterior medial temporal lobe
144
Calcarine sulcus
145
Central lobe
146
Cingulate gyrus
147
Cingulate sulcus
148
Corpus callosum
149
Cuneus
150
Fusiform gyrus
151
Lingual gyrus
152
Marginal ramus of the cingulate sulcus
153
Middle media temporal lobe
154
Paracentral lobule
155
Paracentral sulcus
156
Parieto-occipital sulcus
157
Precuneus
158
Quadrigeminal cistern
159
Superior parietal lobule
160
Supplementary motor area
161
Uncus
162
Cerebellar tonsils
163
Cerebellar vermis
164
Cerebral aqueduct
165
Floor of the 4th ventricle
166
Inferior medullary velum
167
Superior lateral recess of the fourth
168
Tonsil of cerebellum
169
Uvula of vermis
170
Floculus
171
Superior cerebellar peduncle
172
Inferior medullary velum
173
Tela choroidea
174
Abducens
175
Auditory nerve
176
Cerebral peduncle
177
Choroid plexus
178
Facial nerve
179
Foramen of Luschka
180
Glossopharyngeal nerve
181
Rootlets of hypoglossal nerve
182
Lateral margin of the pons
183
Pontomedullary sulcus
184
Spinal portion of accessory
185
Trigeminal
186
Vagus
187
Flocculus
188
Auditory nerve
189
Cerebellopontine angle
190
Facial nerve
191
Foramen of Luschka
192
Glossopharyngeal nerve
193
Abducens nerve
194
AICA
195
Auditory nerve
196
Axilla of the trigeminal nerve
197
Oculomotor nerve
198
PICA
199
SCA
200
Ambient cistern
201
Bridging veins
202
Pineal gland
203
Posterior cerebral artery
204
Quadrigeminal cistern
205
Tentorium
206
Ambient cistern
207
Collicular plate
208
Internal cerebral veins
209
Pineal gland
210
Posterior cerebral artery
211
Splenium of the corpus callosum
212
Straight sinus
213
Trochlear nerve
214
Vein of Galen
215
Inferior colliculi
216
Pineal gland
217
Superior colliculus
218
Basal vein of Rosenthal
219
Inferior colliculus
220
Internal cerebral vein
221
Medial posterior choroidal artery
Branch of P2
222
Pineal gland
223
Superior colliculus
224
Tentorium
225
Velum interpositum
226
Cerebellomesencephalic fissure
227
Anterior commissure
228
Body of fornix
229
Body of the lateral ventricle
230
Choroid plexus
231
Column of fornix
232
ISS
233
Internal cerebral vein
234
Lamina terminalis
235
Mamillary body
236
Optic chiasm
237
Pineal gland
238
Pituitary stalk
239
Precentral vein
240
Straight sinus
241
Vein of Galen
242
Velum interpositum
243
Area postrema
244
Facial colliculi
245
Hypoglossal trigone
246
Median sulcus
247
Vagal triangle
248
Lateral ventricles
249
Choroid plexus
250
Corpus callosum
251
Genu of internal capsule
252
Thalamostriate vein
Note choroid plexus is medial to thalamostriate
253
Thalamus
254
Fornix
255
Internal cerebral vein
256
Septal vein
257
Superior choroidal vein
258
Velum interpositum
259
Thalamostriate vein
260
Velum interpositum
261
Internal cerebral vein
262
Medial posterior choroidal artery
263
Tela choroidea
264
Velum interpositum
265
Ambient cistern
266
Anterior commissure
267
Choroidal fissure
268
Columns of fornix
269
Foramen of Monro
270
Infundibular recess of the third ventricle
271
Lamina terminalis
272
Lateral geniculate body
273
Massa intermedia
274
Oculomotor nerve
275
Posterior commissure
276
Quadrigeminal cistern
277
Velum interpositum
278
Atrium of the lateral ventricle
279
Calcar avis
The calcar avis, previously known as the hippocampus minor,[1] is an involution of the wall of the lateral ventricle's posterior cornu produced by the calcarine fissure
280
Crural cistern
281
Ambient cistern
282
Fimbria of fornix
283
Lateral posterior choroidal artery
Branch of P2
284
Medial posterior choroidal artery
285
Optic radiations
286
P1
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P2
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PComm
289
Pulvinar
290
Ambient cistern
291
Body of fornix
292
Choroidal fissure
293
Crus of fornix
294
Fimbria of fornix
295
Medial posterior choroidal artery
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Pineal gland
297
PCA
298
Stria medullaris thalami
299
Velum interpositum
superiorly: the columns of the fornices and hippocampal commissure (psalterium) reaching as far forward as the foramen of Monro
inferiorly: the internal cerebral veins and tela choroidea of the third ventricle
inferolaterally: the thalamus
posteriorly: the narrow base of the triangle abuts the splenium of the corpus callosum
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Internal cerebral vein
301
Septal vein
302
Superior choroidal vein
303
Thalamostriate vein
304
Angular gyrus
305
Inferior longitudinal fasciculus
306
Middle longitudinal fasciculus
307
Superior longitudinal fasciculus II
308
Short association fibres
309
Arcuate fasciculus
310
Broca's area
311
Extreme capsule
312
Inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus
313
Function IFOF
The inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF) is a large white matter tract of the human cerebrum with functional connectivity associated with semantic language processing and goal-oriented behavior.
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Function SLF II
SLF II is the major component of SLF and originates in the caudal-inferior parietal cortex and terminates in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Brodmann 6, 8 and 46).
SLF II connects to the caudal inferior parietal cortex which controls spatial attention and visual and oculomotor functions. This suggests the SLF II provides the prefrontal cortex with parietal cortex information regarding perception of visual space. Since these bundles are bi-directional, working memory (Brodmann 46) in the prefrontal cortex may provide the parietal cortex with information to focus spatial attention and regulate selection and retrieval of spatial information.
315
Function MLF
The medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) is a myelinated composite fibre tract found in the brainstem. The MLF primarily serves to coordinate the conjugate movement of the eyes and associated head and neck movements.
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ILF
317
Function ILF
The inferior longitudinal fasciculus carries visual information from occipital areas to the temporal lobe (Catani et al., 2003a) and it is likely to play an important role in visual object recognition, semantic processing and in linking object representations to their lexical labels
318
Uncinate fasciculus
319
Function uncinate fasciculus
Function. The function of the uncinate fasciculus is not known, though it is traditionally considered to be part of the limbic system.. It has been proposed that the uncinate fasciculus allows mnemonic representations stored in the temporal lobe to interact with and guide decision making in the frontal lobe
320
Wernicke's area
321
Claustrum
322
IFOF
323
Putamen
324
Ventral external capsule
325
Atrium of the lateral ventricle
326
Lateral geniculate body
327
Meyer's loop
328
Optic radiations
329
Tapetum of the corpus callosum
330
Temporal horn of the lateral ventricle
331
Lateral geniculate body
332
Meyer's loop
333
Cingulum
334
Corpus callosum
335
Etymology- carotid
from the greek "karotis"
early 17th century: from French carotide or modern Latin carotides, from Greek karōtides, plural of karōtis ‘drowsiness’, from karoun ‘stupefy’ (because compression of these arteries was thought to cause stupor).
336
Etymology- sphenoid
mid 18th century: from modern Latin sphenoides, from Greek sphēnoeidēs, from sphēn ‘wedge’.
337
Contents of vidian canal
Nerve of pterygoid canal, (Vidian nerve),
the artery of the pterygoid canal (Vidian artery),
and the vein of the pterygoid canal (Vidian vein)
338
Nerve of pterygoid canal
Formed by the union of the greater petrosal nerve (CN VII PNS) and the deep petrosal nerve (SNS)
PNS fibres synapse in the pterygopalatine ganglion
339
Vidian artery
Branch of maxillary (ECA) and petrous part of ICA.
Can serve as an anastomosis between ICA and ECA
340
Amygdala
341
Anterior commissure
342
Cingulum
343
Corpus callosum
344
Fornix
345
Hippocampus
346
Internal capsule
347
Mamillary body
348
Mammillothalamic fasciculus
349
Nucleus accumbens
350
Velum interpositum
351
Caudate nucleus
352
Claustrum
353
Corona radiata
354
External capsule
355
Extreme capsule
356
Globus pallidus
357
Insula
358
Internal capsule
359
Frontoparietal operculum
360
Putamen
361
Substantia nigra
362
Subthalamic nucleus
363
Thalamus
364
ACA
365
Crista Galli
366
Olfactory bulb
367
Olfactory groove
368
Olfactory tract
369
Optic nerve
370
Orbital roof
371
Planum sphenoidale
372
Abducens
373
Anterior ethmoidal arteries
374
Anterior ethmoidal nerve
375
Anterior fossa
376
Cavernous sinus
377
Clinoidal segment of ICA
378
Ethmoid sinus
379
Facial nerve
380
Frontal nerve
381
Frontal sinus
382
Geniculate ganglion
383
Greater petrosal nerve
384
Infratemporal fossa
385
Infratrochlear nerve
386
Lacrimal gland
387
Lacrimal nerve
388
Lateral rectus
389
Lateral wall of orbit
390
Long ciliary nerves
391
Mandibular nerve
392
Maxillary nerve
393
Meatal segment of facial nerve
394
Middle fossa
395
Nasociliary nerve
396
Oculomotor nerve
397
Olfactory bulb
398
Ophthalmic artery
399
Ophthalmic nerve
400
Ophthalmic segment of ICA
401
Optic canal
402
Optic nerve
403
Optic nerve sheath
404
Orbit
405
Orbital apex
406
Petrosphenoidal ligament
407
Pituitary gland
408
Pituitary stalk
409
Posterior ethmoidal artery
410
Pterygopalatine fossa
411
Sphenoid sinus
412
Superior hypophyseal artery
413
Superior oblique muscle of orbit
414
SOF
415
Superior vestibular nerve
416
Supraorbital nerve
417
How does the supratrochlear nerve leave the orbit?
The supratrochlear nerve then exits the orbit between the pulley of the superior oblique and the supraorbital foramen, curves up on to the forehead close to the bone, and ascends beneath the corrugator supercilii and frontalis muscles.
418
Supratrochlear nerve
419
Temporal fossa
420
Trigeminal ganglion
421
Motor root of trigeminal nerve
422
Trochlear nerve
423
A1
424
ACA
425
ICA
426
Lamina terminalis
427
MCA
428
Cerebral aqueduct
429
Third ventricle
430
A1 segment of ACA
431
A2 segment of ACA
432
ACA
433
AComm
434
ICA
435
MCA
436
ACA
437
Anterior choroidal artery
438
Communicating segment of ICA (C7)
439
MCA
440
Oculomotor nerve
441
Ophthalmic segment of ICA
442
Optic nerve
443
Perforating branches of PComm
444
PComm
445
SCA
446
Supraclinoid ICA (C6)
447
Abducens
448
Anterior clinoid process
449
Greater petrosal nerve
450
ICA
451
Maxillary nerve
452
Meckel's cave
453
Oculomotor nerve
454
Optic nerve
455
SOF
456
Superior petrosal sinus
457
Tentorial edge
458
Trochlear nerve
459
Trigeminal nerve
460
Abducens nerve
461
Anterolateral triangle
462
Anteromedial triangle
463
Cavernous sinus
464
Clinoidal segment of ICA
465
Foramen ovale
466
Foramen rotundum
467
Inferior division of oculomotor nerve
468
Mandibular branch of trigeminal
469
Maxillary nerve
470
Oculomotor nerve
471
Ophthalmic artery
472
Ophthalmic nerve
473
Optic nerve
474
Optic nerve sheath
475
Optic strut
476
Orbital apex
477
Sphenoid sinus
478
Superior division of oculomotor
479
SOF
480
Trochlear nerve
481
Vidian nerve
482
Anterolateral triangle
483
Anteromedial triangle
484
Arcuate eminence
485
Cavernous sinus
486
Clinoidal triangle
487
Cochlear
488
Foramen spinosum
489
Greater petrosal nerve
490
Inferior orbital fissure
491
Infratemporal fossa
492
Infratrochlear triangle (Parkinson's)
493
IAC
494
Lateral wall of orbit
495
Lesser petrosal nerve
496
Mandibular nerve
497
Middle meningeal artery
498
Oculomotor triangle
499
Optic canal
500
Orbit
