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Germany > Rise Of The Nazi > Flashcards

Rise Of The Nazi Flashcards

1
Q

What does NSDAP stand for

A

National socialist German workers party

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2
Q

What does völklsen mean

A

For the people

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3
Q

What does labensraum mean

A

Living space

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4
Q

What rank did hitler rise to in the army in ww1

A

Corporal

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5
Q

Did hitler get hurt in ww1

A

Twice

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6
Q

What was hitler awarded in ww1 for his bravery

A

Iron cross ( first class)

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7
Q

What qualities did his officers thought hitler lacked

A

Leadership qualities

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8
Q

What job was hitler given after ww1

A

Spying on the new political party - German workers party

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9
Q

Before hitler joined the German workers part how many people did it consist of and who established it?

A

Anton Drexer
23 people

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10
Q

When did hitler join the DAP

A

September 1919

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11
Q

When did hitler become the leader of the DAP

A

Jan 1922

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12
Q

What how many members where in the NASDP by nov 1923

A

50,000

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13
Q

What were the DAP mainly against

A

Weimar politicians And TOV
Democracy - thought it made Germany weak
Jewish people - blamed for economic problems

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14
Q

When did hitler become head of properganda and what did he produce when working with Drexeler

A

Jan 1920
The 25 point programme

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15
Q

Why would the party policies of the DAP help hitler take control of the party

A

Giving people someone to blame
He’s reflecting how they are feeling (channeling hate)

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16
Q

What did hitler practice to do to attract public support

A

Practiced his presentation skills
How to build up tension with his voice hands and body gestures

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17
Q

Between November 1919 and 1920 how many meeting was hitler the star speaker of

A

31/46

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18
Q

By the end of 1920 how many had the membership of the DAP brown by

A

3,000

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19
Q

What did hitler do to reform the party organisation as head of properganda and why/what effect did it have

A

Permanent party office in Munich was run by rudolf schussler = money and membership inc
Changed names to NSDAP = highlights nationalist and socialist aims = appealing to more
Adoption of swastika and straight arm salute
Creation of the newspaper + volkisvher beobachter (peoples observer)

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20
Q

What did hitler win in 1921 against Drexeler

A

A leadership contest

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21
Q

Who did hitler choose to help him run the party

A

Rudolf Hess - wealthy academic became his deputy
Herman goering - ww1 fighter pilot
Julius streiher - set up another newspaper (the stormer )
Ernst rohm - former arm officer
+ some supplier from ww1 hero general ludendorff

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22
Q

What did hitler from in 1921 august and who were they

A

Sturmabteilung / strontroopers
Recruited from unemployed army and students
Dressed + acted like a private army

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23
Q

What did the stormtroopers wear

A

Brown shirts

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24
Q

What did stormtroopers do for hitler

A

March through streets
Controlled NSDAP meetings
Stopped opposition to hitler suing violence
Disrupt opposition meetings

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25
Q

Hitler chose some members of the stromtrooped to be his known bodyguards
What were they known as

A

Stossstrupp

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26
Q

Example of a point in hitlers 25 point program that linked to TOV

A

The abolition of the treaty if Versailles

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27
Q

Example of a point in hitlers 25 point program that linked to gaining land

A

Land and colonies to feed Germans population

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28
Q

Example of a point in hitlers 25 point program that linked to Creating a strong government

A

Strong central government with unrestricted authority

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29
Q

Example of a point in hitlers 25 point program that linked to anti semiitism

A

Only Germans can be citizens, no Jewish person can be a German citizen

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30
Q

3 reasons why the Munich putsch failed

A

Didn’t have support of Bavarian gov or German people
Lacked weapons
Had to force Khar and two ministers to join

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31
Q

Why did hitler believe that nov 1923 was a good moment to try and topple the Weimar gov

A

Gov was preoccupied with economic crisis
Stress Evan just called of Germans passive resistance in Ruhr which was an unpopular move

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32
Q

When was the Munich putsch

A

1923 November

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33
Q

Who was Gustav von kahr

A

Leader of the Bavarian government

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34
Q

On November 8th November 1923 where was kahr holding a meeting

A

A beer hall

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35
Q

How many SA and what announcement did hitler make when he hijacked kahrs meeting in 1923

A

600 SA
He announced he would be taking over the government of Bavaria and that a national revolution has begun

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36
Q

What events followed hitlers hijaking of the beer hall in 1923

A

Hitler was joined by Ludendorff
SA men forced kahr + two other ministers into a side room.
Hitler tried to convince them to join his revolution by promising jobs one they had been successful
Kahr argued with hitler but eventually he and other leading politicians reluctantly agreed to support nazis after being held at gunpoint

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37
Q

Kahr was released by Ludendorff - what did he immediately do and why
(1923 - Munich putsch)

A

Used radio to air hits less plans and distance himself

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38
Q

Hitler new without the support of who he would not succeed
So what does he do
(Munich putch)

A

Bavarian government
Do it anyway

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39
Q

Events of the Munich putsch (before getting to centre of much)

A

Nazi storm troopers began taking over official buildings
However they failed to take over the local army barracks that stayed loyal to government
Without support from reichwehr naziss didn’t have a chance of succeeding

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40
Q

Hitler and Ludendorff March into centre of Munich with how many supporters and what did they find when they got there

A

3000
They were barred by the police

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41
Q

How many rifles did the nazis have between them during the Munich putsch

A

2000
No match for well armed police

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42
Q

How many nazis and police were killed in the Munich putsch

A

14 nazis
2 police

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43
Q

How did hitler escape after the Munich putsch and what did Ludendorff do

A

Hitler escaped in his car
Lundendorf and others stayed to face armed police

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44
Q

What had hitler miscalculated about the Munich putsch

A

The mood of the German people
They did not come out on street to support the nazis

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45
Q

Long term causes of the Munich putsch

A

1918 to 23 a long list of grievances had built up e.g. stab in the back theory and reparations that lead to a deep resentment of the Weimar Republic
which created support for nationalist parties for example NSDAP
1919 to 23 NSDAP was growing it’s Munich base in Bavaria
Bavarian state government leaders shared NSDAPs views and turned a blind eye to the violence of the SA
1923 NSDAP had 50,000 members

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46
Q

Medium term causes of the Munich putsch

A

1921 to 22 Hitler and NSDAP was heavily influenced by right-wing parties in Italy led by Mussolini (fascists(
they modelled the salute and use of flags on fascists
1922 Mussolini led Parliamentary forces in a match on Rome forcing democratic government of Italy to accept him his new leader

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47
Q

Short term causes of the Munich putsch

A

During 1923 Hyperinflation in Germany reached its peak
1923 French troops into Germans industrial area in Rurh and took over Germans business there
when German workers resisted they were arrested and imprisoned
German people were angry
Weimar Republic seem weak and unable to solve peoples problems
this was the time to exploit grievances


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48
Q

What was a success for the nazis from the Munich putsch

A

Nazi party was now recorded as a leading right wing party
Many involved in putsch later gained jobs in Nazi leadership
Trial enabled Hitler to publicity criticise Ebert and the Weimar Republic
Pitch but Hitler needed publicity
Hitler realised road to office lay in legal methods not violence
His prison sentence gave me time to write Mein Kampf which publicise his beliefs and ideas

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49
Q

What was a failure for the nazis as a result of the Munich putsch

A

Hitler sentenced to 5 years of force arrest yet he only served nine months
Hitler fled but was arrested two days later
14 nazis killed
With hitler in prison the nazi party was leaderless and disintegrated
Kahr immediately broke his promise and called for nazi party to be dissolved.

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50
Q

What did the mein kampf say in terms of race

A

German race (Ayrian race) was destined to rule but Jewish people were u demeaning Aryan rule

51
Q

What did the mein kampf say in terms of nationalism

A

Hitler stressed need for space to expand into
Reviving German power
Eg, reverse tov

52
Q

What did the mein kampf say in terms of socialism

A

Using wealth of industry + land to German working people (not rich land owners)

53
Q

What did the mein kampf say in terms of traditional views

A

Old style German art music and theatre
Strong family values
Clear male and female roles
Christian morality

54
Q

What did the mein kampf say in terms of totalitarianism

A

Throwing of Democracy - hitler belived it was weak
Power In hands of state (preferable one leader)

55
Q

What happed to the nazi party in feb 1925 when hitler got out of prison

A

The ban was lifted

56
Q

Without a leader the nazi party had fragmented so what does hitler do

A

Set up a headquarters
Sets up youth groups: main one is hitler youth 14-18 boys (1930 - 250,000 members)
Sets up 35 gaus across the country (one branch = one region of Germany) each one had a leader called Gauleiters
Sets up SS black shirts - elite Ayrans (hitlers body guards)
Adopted point 17

57
Q

What were the leaders of the gaus encouraged to spread

A

Fuhrerprinzip
( one leader of nazi party which is nonnegotiable )

58
Q

What funded the branches of nazis and why

A

Big industrial companies
Eg. Bosch, thyssem, Krupp (chemical companies)
Because they didn’t like communists

59
Q

What disagreement happened at the nazi party conference + what was hitlers response

A

Gobals wanted a more socialist focus other wanted a more nationalist party
Hitler’s response was it was nonnegotiable of discussion with policy
He made gobbles gaus for Berlin to calm them down

60
Q

What adaptions did hitler make to point 17 and why

A

To win over farmers
He made it clear that he would only take land of Jewish people

61
Q

Why were farmers likely to support hitler

A

Not doing well over golden years

62
Q

By 1928 what had nazi membership risen to

A

100,000

63
Q

What % of votes did the nazis get in the 1928 election in reichstag and why

A

2%
People were happy as it was during the golden years

64
Q

By 1933 how many workers were unemployed due tho the Wall Street crash
- what % of these were factory workers
- what % were 16-30
- what % of graduates couldn’t find a job

A

6 million
40%
50%
60%

65
Q

When was the Wall Street crash

A

Oct 1929

66
Q

USA had massive financial problems when shares on the stock exchange crash the value
Cause on the world

A

World wide crisis
People lacked confident to invest in business - decline in world trade
Other countries stoped buying German goods

67
Q

USA had massive financial problems when shares on the stock exchange crash the value
What effect did this have on American and German banks

A

They were investors in the US stock market so they lost money when it crashed
As a result they recalled loans made to industries o pay account holders

68
Q

As Germany recalled loans to industries after the Wall Street crash and a world wide crisis
What happened to industries as a result

A

Industrial crisis
Foreign countries stopped buying German goods + loans had to be returned to banks they had to cut back on production or close completely

69
Q

What cycle did industries having to cut back or close completely as a result of the Wall Street crash result in Germany

A

Workers laid off as companies no longer making enough money to survive
1.3mill unemployed in September 1929
Caused a further industrial crisis
As unemployed inc - people had less money to spend so industries lost money
So more workers laid of
6.1 mill unemployed by jan 1933

70
Q

What social effects did the Wall Street crash have in the people in Germany

A

Savings lost
Homelessness inc As people couldn’t afford rent
Lead to shanty towns
Lead to theft and crime
Theft inc by 24% in Berlin

71
Q

What is a depression vs hyperinflation

A

Depression is not enough money in circulation but Hyperion us too much money that it is worthless

72
Q

What impact did the Wall Street crash have on the Weimar government / what did they do

A

They did not have a solution
President Hindenburg appoints Heinrich brüning as chancellor in March 1930
They use article 48 to pass laws

73
Q

What did Hindenburg and brünings use of article 48 lead to

A

Death of democracy in 1930

Presidential decrees inc from 5 (1930) to 66 (1932) and reischstag laws decreased from 98 (1930) to only 5 (1932)

74
Q

How many seats did the nazis get after the Wall Street crash (vs how. Many they got before)

A

In 1928 - they only got 12 seats but not had 107 seats

75
Q

Why was brüning unpopular

A

Decreases unemployment benefits as gov needed money
Decreased wages of gov employees
Decreased pensiojs
Increased taxes (for those still working )
Lead to food shortages

76
Q

When does brüning resign

A

1932

77
Q

Why did communist support inc in the Wall Street crash

A

Workers turned to them for help

78
Q

Who did middle classes turn to during the Wall Street crash

A

Mainly nazis as they feared communism and didn’t like the government

79
Q

How did the new leader of the German communist party after the spartisit uprising try to gain power

A

Through peaceful politics

80
Q

Did support for extremist groups change during the Wall Street crash

A

Yes it increased

81
Q

How many seats s did communists win in the 1930s elections

A

77

82
Q

Economic impacts of the Wall Street crash

A

Banks were major investors in shares and suffered huge losses

German banks have so much money that people are worried they will not be able to get the money out of the bank - people rush to get the money - so some banks run out of cash

Crash cause the worldwide depression so it was difficult to sell goods abroad causing further problems for Germany economy 

Government worried about spending extra money as the feared it would lead to hyperinflation

Prices had been falling since 1925 in the 1930s farmers slipped further into debt so farmers sold the land of struggles in poverty

83
Q

Social impacts of the Wall Street crash

A

German industrial output fell unemployment rose
Middle classes lost the most in Germany their savings companies and homes’s
Unemployment rose in the street and some join private armies of political parties so violence became common


84
Q

Political effects of the Wall Street crash

A

Coalition of parties which the Weimar relied upon collapsed leaving Bruning to govern by decree
People blamed political parties that have been running the country and democratic way Weimar Republic was governed
People remember the earlier problems and once again the democratically elected government were unable to cope
Unemployment and poverty had a significant impact on Germans votes
Crisis made government look weak and powerless so people start looking for more extreme alternatives

85
Q

What gave the nazis an opportunity to become the largest party in Germany and why

A

The Wall Street crash caused a Great Depression
It also caused economic and political instability

86
Q

Examples of The nazis highly effective nationwide propaganda system

A

Posters
Rallies
Banners
120 newspapers (managed by Joseph goebbels)
Radio

87
Q

What did the national presence of the nazis mean they could do

A

Stand in local, regional and presidential elections

88
Q

Nazis could stand in local , regional and presidential elections because Of their national presence. What did each election do

A

Help raise their popularity
And increase their national awareness which helped improve the nazis electoral success

89
Q

The nazis had clear policies in their campaigns. What were they

A

Blaming country’s problems on November criminals and Jewish people

90
Q

I’m the 1930s election what did nazis increase there seats from and to in th reichstag

A

From 12 to 107

91
Q

If any who won’t majority in the 1930s election

A

No one won majority so chancellor brüning still needed to work with other parties and rely on president Hindenburg + article 48

92
Q

What did the nazis success at the 1930 election encourage hitler to do

A

Run for president aga sit Hindenburg

93
Q

When hitler ran fro president - how did he use propaganda to present himself

A

Goebbels ensured that there were mass rallies and support for their news paper
Used new technology to appear as a modern politician - for example hitler managed to speak in 5 differnt cities in one day by flying to them
He also has messages published on radio broadcas, films

94
Q

How was hitlers campaigns in contrast to Hindenburgs in run for president

A

Hindenburg didn’t campaign

95
Q

Who won president - hitler or Hindenburg

A

Hindenburg but it did increase support and awareness for the nazis

96
Q

How many seats did the nazis win in the july 1932 election

A

230

97
Q

Why did people start to support for nazis after the Great Depression

A

The political and economic chaos meant that people were scared of a communist revolution
The uniformed and organised and disappointed appearance of the SA made nazis look like they could lead a strong Germany and also protect country from communism

98
Q

How many men where in the SA by 1930 compared to the coumnist red front

A

SA - 400,000
Rf - 130,000

99
Q

What where the SA useful for after 1930

A

Disrupting political party meetings

100
Q

Who did the nazis anti-communism message attract financial support from and what did it pay for

A

Big business like thyssen, Krupp, Bosch
Payed for campaign around the country
Eg, 600,000mcopies of their econ,if programmes were printed for the 1932 election

101
Q

In 1932 who did the nazis begin to develop link with and how did it help nazis

A

Another right wing party
DNVP - owned by a newspaper tycoon Alfred hugenberg
He allowed nazis to publish anti government articles in all his newspapers

102
Q

Why were anti communist messages popular with middle classes and farmers

A

They feared they would loose their homes and business to communists
Nazi message was about tradition and strong leadership which was very popular among this group

103
Q

What encouraged young people to join the nazi party

A

Atmosphere and excitement of nazi rallies and meetings

104
Q

What % of all new members of the nazi parties were between 18 and 30

A

43%

105
Q

How did the nazi party gain the support of women

A

They had the view of traditional women - this was an attractive option to some women

106
Q

How did nazis try to gain support from the working classes

A

Promised to provide ‘work and bread’ for them

107
Q

How many members of the SA were there in 1933

A

2 million

108
Q

Who was franz von papen

A

Rich catholic politician (in catholic centre party)
Made chancellor after brüning in 1932

109
Q

Who was kurt von schleicher

A

General in ww1
Hindenburgs key adviser
Replaced von papen as chancellor

110
Q

When does Hindenburg stand for re-election

A

March 1932

111
Q

Results of March 1932 election

A

Communists = 5 mill voted
Hindenburg = 18 mill votes
Hitler = 11 mill votes

112
Q

As hitler didn’t win the 1932 March election when does he stand for a reelection and what does he do this time

A

April 1932
He campaigned furiously - rented out an airplane to deliver speeches

113
Q

What were the results of the April 1932 electoions

A

Communism - 4 mil
Hindenburg- 19 mil
Hitler - 13 mil

114
Q

What does brüning do in may 1932

A

Banned SA and SS
announced plans to buy land from rich landowners and use it to house unemployed- led to uniting right wing groups, landowning classes and president Hindenburg
So he was forced to resign as didn’t have support from reichstag or Hindenburg

115
Q

Who becomes chancellor after brüning (when)

A

Von papen may 1932

116
Q

What was von papen as chancellor appointed to do

A

Lead a right wing coalition (including nazis)
Though they wouldn’t have majority they could rule using article 48

117
Q

How many dies because of violence caused by the July 1932 elections

A

100 people died
7000 injured

118
Q

What does hitler demand because of the 1932 July elections and why

A

Von papen be sacked and hitler become chancellor as they were the largest party in the reichstag

119
Q

What happens to Von papen in November 1932

A

Sacked

120
Q

Who replaced von papen as chancellor I’m December 1932

A

Von shleicher

121
Q

Why does Hindenburg deside to make Von shliecher chancellor even Though he had no political support

A

Believed that the nazis were on the decline

122
Q

Why was hitler made chancellor

A

Schliecher tried to start a military coup (threat of military dictatorship)
Von papen belived they could control him

123
Q

When does hitler become chancellor

A

30 January 1933

Germany (4 decks)

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