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Topic 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What was hitlers aim with families

A

To increase the birth rates

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2
Q

Why did hitler want to increase the birth rates

A

As it leads to strength
Amd because it had decrease by 50% since 1900

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3
Q

What law was made for the encouragement of marriage and when

A

1933
1000 marks loan given to married couples (only available if a woman stopped work)
But for every child 1/4 of the loan was removed
This encouraged child birth

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4
Q

When was divorce banned - and what exception was there to this

A

1938
Divorce premited if a woman could not have children or had an abortion

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5
Q

What was the mother’s cross

A

An award for number of children
Bronze = 4
Sliver =6
Gold = 8 (hitler youth were ordered to salute gold medals)

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6
Q

What was labensborn

A

To encourage childbirth
Aryan women who wanted to increase the birth rate but don’t have a husband
They could go to fountain of life to have a child with an SS man (for genetically pure children)
The SS keeps the child

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7
Q

Between 1938 - 1941 one labensborn home alone resulted in how many mothers giving birth

A

540

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8
Q

How should women look

A

They should adopt a natural look
- long skirts
Nazis never forced women to look a certain way through legislation but they encouraged modest clothes, hair tied back (that’s natural), no makeup, and discouraged form wearing trousers

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9
Q

Why did nazis want women out of work

A

So they could be in the home

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10
Q

What where the 3Ks that women were to focus on

A

Kinder, küche, kirche
Children, kitchen, church

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11
Q

What jobs where women banned from and when

A

1933 _ women banned from teaching, civil service and doctors
1936_ can’t be judges or lawyers
1937_ no grammar schools for girls

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12
Q

What was the German woman enterprise (DFW)

A

A woman’s branch of the nazi party
6 million members
Educated people on motherhood (sewing / cooking) - they weren’t part of politics

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13
Q

How did the nazis encourage women to re-enter the work place from 1937

A

Abolish marriage loans
Introduce compulsory ‘duty year’ for all women entering the labour market (non paid work)

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14
Q

What problems did the nazis encounter when trying to renter women into work from 1937

A

Many women didn’t want to work in factories (low wages and bad conditions)
Employers prefers foreign labour
Hitler was concerned about women working - went against what he believed

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15
Q

How did the divorce law change in 1938

A

Could divorce if husband or wife couldn’t have children

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16
Q

What successes were there for the nazis on policies toward woman

A

Fewer women in uni
Fewer men unemployed
Birth rate rose
More women married

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17
Q

What Failures were there for the nazis on policies toward woman

A

Not all women agreed with nazi ideology regarding women
Number of women employed increased
Divorce increased
Moringen and ravenbruk - women’s concentration camps (over 2000 prisoners) - showed didn’t win over all women

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18
Q

Women concentration camps called moringen and ravenbruk - how many prisoners where in there

A

Over 2000

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19
Q

What were textbooks like in German schools

A

Rewritten to fit nazi view or history and racial purity
All textbooks had to be approved by ministers of education
Meine kampf become a standard text

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20
Q

What did teachers have to do in German school

A

Swear an oath of loyalty to hitler and join the nazi teacher league

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21
Q

How many people In 1937 had joined the nazi teachers league

A

97%

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22
Q

What did teachers have to premote - what would happen if they didn’t

A

Nazi ideas
They were dismissed if they didn’t show they were committed to nazis

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23
Q

By 1936 - what % of teachers were a part of the nazi party - does this mean hitler controlled teachers well

A

36%
- not really as 97% joined the Nazi teacher league it suggests they did that because they had to and not because they support nazis and only 36% actually joined the party

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24
Q

What 3 new types of schools were set up by the nazis

A

National political training
Adolf hitler school
Order castles

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25
What did they do in national political training schools + when did the SS take over this
Went into armed forces or Nazi parliamentary groups after graduation (the SS took over thus after 1936) For boys age 10-18
26
Who was adolf hitler schools for
For elite hitler youth (12-18)
27
Who were order castles for and why was it dangerous
Graduated of adolf hitler schools (age 20s) They used live ammunition in war games - some students were killed in activities
28
What did students begin and end lessons with
Saluting and saying heil hitler
29
Examples of how nazi themes were presented in every subject
Maths - problems delt with social issues Geography- shown how Germany was surrounded by hostile neighbours History - taught evils of communism
30
What was the school curriculum for
To prepare students for future roles Wanted healthier and fit people
31
How much time was devote for Pe in German school
15% (Boys emphasise on military )
32
What were students taught about the Aryan race
There were superior Shouldn’t marry inferior races
33
What new subjects were introduced in schools
Race studies
34
What was the educational focus for boys
Military Race studies
35
What was the educational for us for girls
Needlework Home crafts - cookery Race studies
36
How did the curriculum change for both girls and boys
They were both taught how to measure skills and clsssify faculae types Religious education became optional
37
What did hitler want to make Germany ready for
War
38
Why did hitler want to invade Ukraine
For resources to make Germany self-sufficient I’m food and raw materials (Can’t win a war if your not self-sufficient)
39
What work was done in the work creation programme Amd what did it provide
Building new runways, barracks, motorways (autobahn Highly skilled jobs
40
By 1935, how many men were employed in building autobahn
125,000
41
What industry did public works create jobs in
Construction
42
What helped boost the sale of German goods
Quicker and cheaper transport for German industry and agriculture
43
How much did the army grow 1933-1939
100,000 To 1,400,000
44
How much was spent on weapons
46 billion marks
45
What did hitler ban and why (workers)
Trade unions as they could disrupt trade through strikes
46
How much did the maximum working hours per week go up by
6 hours per week
47
What did the RAD provide for the unemployed
Payed work Such as repairing roads, planting trees, draining marshes
48
How m any men where apart of the RAD by 1935 (Why)
It was at first voluntary by from 1935 it was made compulsory for all young men to serve fro 6 moths in the RAD and by 1935 - 422,000 men were in it
49
Why was the RAD not popular
Organised like an army Wore uniforms Lived in camps Did military drills Rates I’d pay were low Poor food and working conditions
50
Why was there no economic miracle (3 reasons)
Temporary Invisible unemployment ‘Reducing’ unemployment
51
Why was there no economic miracle (temporary)
Rearmament: 1939- many jobs depending on producing weapons Armed forces: 1939- 1.3 million men in armed forces These wouldn’t be needed in times of peace
52
Why was there no economic miracle (invisible unemployment)
Women and Jewish people were forced to give up work Hundred of thousands in concentration camps These didn’t count as unemployed so made the statistic look lower
53
Why was there no economic miracle (‘reducing’ employment)
Public works: The nazis had a huge programme of public works and involved projects in constructions - anyone working on these weren’t counted at unemployed The labour service: In 1930s there were 1/3 million unemployed in labour services - these people didn’t count in the unemployment figure
54
What was the strength through joy programme - did this improve living conditions
Created by nazis to improve leisure time for German workers They offered a wide range of low cost leisure activities such as holidays / cruises 1938- more than 10 million people went on one of there holidays Yes
55
What did nazis do in terms of food to help improve living conditions of German people
Lots of guidance on how and what to eat Peoples diets became healthier They ate ‘eintopf’ - a one pot dish of meat and vegetables
56
Why did men not enjoy there time in the RAD
It paid poor wages + Would have deduction made for food and living costs It was run in a military way with strict discipline and uniforms
57
What opportunities were workers given (that ended up not helping their loving conditions )
Opportunities to save towards a Volkswagen They could save 5 marks a week However is was a con - no ones car where delivered and by 1939 non of the money was refunded
58
Cost of living went up under the nazis In order to keep prices high for farmers what did nazis do
Reduced production Many good were in short supply
59
What was beauty of labour
A movement to improve working conditions They installed canteens, swimming pools ect. Improved lighting and noise levels in factories 1938- nazi party claimed that nearly 34,000 companies had improved there facilities
60
What did wages for workers rise to from 1932
1932 - 86 marks 1938 - 109 marks
61
How did the working week hours change
Average working week increased from 42.9 hours in 1933 to 47 In 1939
62
Negatives of the DAF
increased working weeks for workers Punished anyone who disrupted productions Did very little to improve pay and conditions Stirkes where banned Workers who opposed them where sent to concentration camps
63
How long was the RAD made compulsory for and for who
For 6 months All men who were 19-25
64
What was the DAF
It was created to to replace trade unions They looked after the rights of workers, length of working weeks, minimum wage They didn’t permit workers to negotiate a better pay
65
Negatives of the strength through joy activities
Very few could afford them
66
Negatives of the beauty of labour
It caused much resentment as workers had to carry out the improvements in there own time without pay
67
How much did food prices rise between 1933 - 1939
20% Cancelled out the benefits of higher wages
68
How much did the maximum worked for week set up by the DAF increase
Increased by 6 hours per week
69
Where did hitler write his views about race
In the main kampf
70
Which race did hitler describe as sun human
Slavs of Eastern Europe
71
What is eugenics
Science of selective breeding Took ideas of Charles Darwin to explore how to create better humans
72
How did the nazis prevent unsuitable Germans from reproducing and why
He wanted to encourage the best Germans to have kids to create better Germans (a purer Aryan race) He prevented people by sterilising them
73
Where was the idea Of racial hygiene taught
Schools Hitler youth Propergander
74
What laws did the nazis pass based on racial hygiene
Preventing mix raced marriages
75
Why was anti-semitism common in Europe
Blamed for death of Christ Successful in finance so lead to jealousy Stood out as different
76
What were Jewish people blamed for
Germans defeat in ww1 TOV Economic depression
77
Reasons why Slavs where persecuted
Nazi propaganda and school lessons taught that slaves where sun human and needed to be treated differently
78
What laws / threats were created against Slavs
Nazis threatened to invade slab counties in Eastern Europe for living space
79
Reasons for gypsies persecution
The nazis believed they did not work enough to contribute enough to taxes and threatened racial purity of Germany
80
What laws were created against gypsies and when
1933 - oftern arrested as social nuisances and sent to concentration camps From 1936 some were forced to live in special camps 1938 - banned from traveling in groups - they were rounded up put on a register and tested for racial characteristics- is they failed they lost german citizenship amd social benefits 1939 - orders given to prepare all gypsies deportation
81
Reasons for persecution of homosexuals
Nazis believed that homosexuals lowered moral standards and spoiled the purity of the German race
82
Laws created against homosexuals
1934- 766 males imprisoned for homosexuality 1936 - it was over 4000 1938 - 8000 Released prisoners went to concentration camps - 5000 died Nazi law encouraged the voluntary castration of homosexuals
83
Reasons for persecution of people with disabilities
Nazis believed that people with disabilities where a burden on society and weakened racial purity
84
Laws against people with disabilities
1933 - prevention of hereditary deceased offspring law - compulsory to be sterilised if someone was mentally ill, alcoholic, deformed. Epileptic, deaf or blind 4000 were sterilised under this law in 1939 1939 - nazis ordered babies with sever disabilities should be killed by starvation or lethal overdose of drugs (became known as the T4 programme) 5000 children with disabilities killed
85
Why did nazis persecute different groups (Aryan race)
Aim - wanted a pure blooded race Subhumans can’t be a part of it - threatened the Aryan race Behaviour was seen as genetic - gypsies, Jews, black people ect didn’t conform to social norms
86
Why did nazis persecute differnt groups - not commited to nazi Germany
Certain groups didn’t fit with nazi ideas on family, work, loyalty Couldn’t be part of ein volk- behaviour threaten + weakened nazi regime
87
Why did nazis persecute different groups
To keep an Aryan race If they weren’t commited to nazi Germany Jealousy and suspicion
88
Why did nazis persecute different groups (jealousy and suspicion)
- Jewish people Held well paid professional jobs or ran successful store / businesses 1% if Germans where Jewish in 1933 buy 16% of lawyers and 10% of doctors were Jewish So during his poverty in Vienna hitler resented Jewish success - they were blamed for TOV, ww1 defeat and the depression
89
Proof that persecution of Jewish people got worse
1933 -new law banning Jewish people form government jobs and Jewish books burt 1935 - Jews forbidden to join the army 1937 - Aryanisatiom of businesses was increased - more Jewish businesses confiscated 1938 - kristalnacht - nazis destroyed synagogues, Jewish homes, shops, 100 Jewish people killed 1939 - evicted from homes and forced into ghettos
90
What happened with the boycott of Jewish shops in 1933
1st or April - official boycott Against Jewish businesses, doctors and lawyers SA - painted Jewish stars and the word Jew (Jude) outside Jewish business and stood outside with banners discouraging people from going inside
91
Results of the boycott of Jewish shops in 1933
Jewish people can’t get money and first instance of segregation - saying they are different so should be treated differently
92
What happened with the Nuremberg laws in 1935
Took away Jewish citizenship so no rights to vote, the right to have a passport (so hard to leave) Reich law for protection of German blood ( part of Nuremberg laws) - forbids Jewish people from marrying German citizens + sexual relations between them
93
Results of the Nuremberg laws 1935
Harder for them to leave the country Lost any rights they had to defend themselves peacefully or politically (by removing there citizenship) Jews had to register all professions and carry identity cards so easier to be persecuted
94
When Weber the Nuremberg laws
1935
95
When where Jewish people evicted
1939
96
What happened with eviction in 1939 of Jewish people
Nazis decided to evict all Jews from Germany The Reich office for Jewish Emigration was set up under Heydrich His task was to deport Jews 1939 - orders sent that all Jews should be evicted from their homes + collected
97
When was kristallnacht
9th November 1938
98
What happened on the 7th of November 1938
17 year old polish Jew went into German embassy in Paris and shot a German as he was angry of how they treated his parents
99
What happened on the 8th of November 1938
Joseph goebbel used the shooting incident to cause problems fro Jews in Germany Eg, ordered local papers in Hanover (where the boy who shot lived) to print articles condemning the Paris shooting The used sea ss and gestapo to attack synagogues and jewish homes
100
What happened on the 9th of November - kristallnacht
Hitler got involved He agreed to turn violence against the Jews in Hanover into a nation wide attack (because the shot German died) Nazi leaders encouraged to arrange attacks on Jews + their property ( but undercover) - police where told not to prevent violence against Jews SS told to arrest as many Jews as the prisons could take Gangs smashed and burned Jewish property Eg, an 18 year old was thrown of a 3rd floor Some gangs in uniform some not so it would seem like an attack from the public
101
What damage/ results was caused by kristallnacht
814 shops 171 homes 191 synagogues 100 Jews killed
102
Who was blamed for kristallnacht
Gobells blamed Jews for starting the trouble so they were fined 1 billion marks to pay for damage By 12th nov - 20,000 Jews sent to concentration camps

Germany (4 decks)

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