Robbins 1996 "Chess Players"

Question 1

model of memory

Answer 1

hypothesized representation of memory. it has an outline of different stores and processes indicting how memory might work

Question 2

working memory model

Answer 2

proposed by baddley and hitch in 1974, describes short term memory as a system with multiple components. compromises the central executive, which controls attention and coordinates the phonological loop (auditory info) and the visuospatial sketchpad (visual and spatial indo)

A structural model of memory asserting that memory consists of the central executive, visuospatial sketch pad, phonological loop, and episodic buffer.

Question 3

aim

Answer 3

investigating how the visuospatial sketchpad and phonological loo- influence chess move selection

“…apply the working-memory model to the issue of the nature of thought processes occurring in chess players.”

Question 4

participants

Answer 4

20 skilled (some better some worse) male chess players

some were mid
some were grand champions

Question 5

procedure

Answer 5

they were asked to look at a chess board for 10 seconds, memorise it and then recreate the chess arrangement, using their working memory

the 20 chess players were asked to memorise and select chess moves whilst performing one of the two secondary tasks

(the interfering with the phonological loop group) - repeat the word “the” to the rhythm of a metronome (during the 10 seconds learning the arrangement)

(interfering with the visuospatial sketchpad) they had to type onto. small keyboard, located out of sight, under the table (whilst arranging the pieces)

Question 6

results

Answer 6

the chess move selection was impaired significantly, when performing the visiospatial task, but not te articulatory suprssion task

Question 7

conclusion

Answer 7

These results provide evidence for the existence of separate slave systems that process different information during working memory tasks.

Furthermore, it suggests that the visuospatial sketchpad is crucial for planning and selecting chess moves

The fact that visuospatial interference had a far greater detrimental effect on visuospatial memory of the chessboard suggests that there are different systems for processing different information.

Question 8

limitations

Answer 8

los generalisability —> all men fromm cambridge who had interest in chess

• low eco validity, we cant apply this to a real life scenario