Rock Cycle

Question 1

What is the study of the earth and rocks called?

Answer 1

geology

Question 2

Why is studying the earth important?

Answer 2

1. the rocks beneath us hold the clue to what has come before us and how the earth looked along time ago.
2. many of the things we used now is made up from the minerals that are mined and aren’t infinite in volume.

Question 3

What are the three types of rocks?

Answer 3

Igneous
Sedimentary
Metaphoric

Question 4

What is a rock?

Answer 4

a general term that is used to describe the hard stuff which makes up the most of our planet.

Question 5

What are rocks made up of?

Answer 5

minerals (these might be the collections of different types of atoms that have come together). The atoms are mainly oxygen or silicone and other stuff like metal.

Question 6

What is an Igneous Rock?

Answer 6

a rock that is made from lava or magma cooling

Question 7

What are the factors that decide appearance of the
Igneous Rock? (2 factors)

Answer 7

1. how quickly the lava or magma cools
2. what is contained in the rock before cooling

Question 8

What are the two types of Igneous Rocks?

Answer 8

extrusive and intrusive

Question 9

What is extrusive?

Answer 9

when the magma or lava above the earths surface.

Question 10

What is the intrusive?

Answer 10

when the magma or lava below the earths surface.

Question 11

What are types of extrusive rocks?

Answer 11

1. Pumice; formed when lava shout out and is cooled fast (full of gas and contains water)
2. Scoria; heavier and darker ad contains iron
3. Basalt; very common (found in gravel) and used to make bitumen.
4. Obsidian; glossy looking black rock.

Question 12

What are types of intrusive rocks?

Answer 12

1. Granite; very hard rock that forms underground (can be mixtures of colours)
2. Crystal Formation; when igneous rocks combine and come together in particular shapes and form into crystals.

Question 13

What determines that crystals comes in different shapes, sizes and colours?

Answer 13

how quickly or slowly the minerals are cooled and other stuff in it.

Question 14

factors which help fast cooling?

Answer 14

air or water. Forms small crystals

Question 15

where does slow cooling occur?

Answer 15

underground and form big crystals

Question 16

What are the 6 characteristics that help us identify minerals?

Answer 16

1. Luster; shine
2. Streak; powdery mark when minerals are scraped
3. Hardness; use Moh’s scale for this
4. Colour; quartz have more than one colour
5. Chevage; tendency of the minerals to break along the flat surface
6. Chemical reaction; weak acid to tell if the rock or minerals contain calcium carbonate (the rock will fizz if it does).

Question 17

What is the moh scale?

Answer 17

determines the ability or the hardness of the mineral to resist the scratch

Question 18

what are metals that are naturally found?

Answer 18

gold, sliver and copper

Question 18

what does the moh scale hardness mean?

Answer 18

Moh’s scale hardness is based on the ability of the mineral to scratch another mineral visibly

Question 19

what is the hardest mineral?

Answer 19

diamond (scale 10)

Question 20

what is the softest mineral?

Answer 20

talk (scale 1); found in pencil scale

Question 21

where is alluminiun found?

Answer 21

in hydrogen and oxygen and is called boxiicide

Question 22

where is iron found?

Answer 22

in oxygen and it’s called iron oxide

Question 23

what is a large body of igneous rock called?

Answer 23

Bartholin

Question 24

What is the formation of sedimentary rocks?

Answer 24

1. bits and pieces of sediment are layed down in sediment beds and form layer 2. as more sediment is layed down the stuff underneath gets more tightly packed. Rainfall dissolves some of the minerals and create space between the sediment particles. 3. The dissolved minerals form a kind of cement that hold the particles together.

Question 25

How are the different layers of the sediment rocks are formed?

Answer 25

1. all rocks are exposed to weathering and erosion. 2. Small pieces called the sediment are carried away which form the basis of the sedimentary rocks. 3. Sedimentary rocks form in layers. 4. the lower layers are older since they were created earlier.

Question 26

what is a fossil?

Answer 26

fossil is the persevered remains that are imprinted on the rocks of plant or animals usually lived a long time ago.

Question 27

what are the study of the fossils called?

Answer 27

paleontology

Question 28

what is the total number of fossil and their placement with the rock are called?

Answer 28

fossil record

Question 29

What is the formation of fossils?

Answer 29

Stage 1; a dinosaur dies and its buried before its remains are completely destroyed Stage 2; Over time layers of sediment build up and press down on the buried. Stage 3; dissolved minerals carried by water in the sediment filled tiny spaces in the bones. Pressure, chemical reaction and time turns the sediment into rock and bones into mineralized fossils. Stage 4; the fossils remain within the rock until its uncovered through erosion or excavation.

Question 30

5 different types of fossils or 5 different ways fossils are formed?

Answer 30

Permineralization; when dissolved mineral fill the cellular space of plants and animals, these dissolved minerals crystalize and produce rocks in the shape of animals and plants. (most common type of fossil preservation). Natural Cast; it is formed when flowing water removes the original bone or tissue leaving an impression in the sediment. Minerals fill the mold, which recreates the original shape of the organism. Trace Fossils; they record the activity of an organism Amber; preserved organism becomes trapped in the tree resign that hardness into amber after the tree gets burred. Preserved remains; record intact remains of animals often persevered in skin, muscle, bone, hair and internal organs.

Question 31

what are example of Permineralization fossils?

Answer 31

teeth, bones, shells

Question 32

what are examples of Natural cast fossils?

Answer 32

commonly marine invertebrates, like shells

Question 33

What examples pf trace fossils?

Answer 33

nest, borrow, imprint of leaves, footprints or poo

Question 34

what are types of amber fossils?

Answer 34

insects, pollen, lizards and frogs

Answer 35

w

Question 36

what is weathering?

Answer 36

weathering is the breaking down of the small particles and solids through natural processes like wind or water