Rogers

Question 1

Roger’s Theory

Answer 1

1- Humanistic – holistic theory.
2- Actualizing tendency.
3- Formative tendency: All matter evolves from simpler to more
complex forms.
4- Condition for growth: Unconditional love – authenticity, unconditional acceptance, & empathy.
5- Importance of self-concept in personality formation.

Question 2

self-concept is also known as _____-______

Answer 2

self-image

Question 2

Self-concept is _________ of our personality

Answer 2

approximation

Question 3

The disparity between self-concept & real self is called _____________

Answer 3

incongruence

Question 4

When does incongruence become a problem?

Answer 4

When the disparity gap between self-concept and real self is big

Question 5

Origin of incongruence

Answer 5

• Assumption: we all need to be loved by others.
• Conditional love = affection + love conditional to living up to others’ expectations.
• Unconditional love = affection + love NOT dependent upon what
  we do / who we are.
• The consequence of conditional love: any self-aspect inconsistent with
  others’ expectations is distorted&raquo_space;> gradual creation of global
  incongruence.

Question 6

What happens as people experience conditional love?

Answer 6

They’ll bend their self-image to become what that other person wants them to be, which results in more incongruence

Question 7

The healthy personality

Answer 7

Unconditional love&raquo_space;> congruence self-concept / real self&raquo_space;> Y
adjustment/actualization&raquo_space;> Healthy personality.

Question 8

Healthy individuals = ____ __ ______

Answer 8

persons of tomorrow

Question 9

According to Rogers, what are the traits of a healthy personality?

Answer 9

• Coherent.
• Spontaneous.
• Constant state of evolution.
• Freshness of attitude.
• Open to new experiences.
• Self-confident.
• Greater richness of experience.
• In harmony with themselves.
• Authentic in relations with others.

Question 10

The unhealthy personality

Answer 10

Conditional love&raquo_space;> incongruence self-concept / real self&raquo_space;> acting
in concordance with self-concept&raquo_space;> distortion of real self&raquo_space;> fake
(unhealthy) personality.

Question 11

according to Rogers, what are the traits for an unhelathy personality?

Answer 11

• Phony.
• Stagnating.
• Unauthentic.
• Self-concealed.
• Low self-esteem.
• Inconsistent/rigid behavior (forget about fake self temporarily/walking on eggshells)
• “Defensive” personality (“If you look too close you’ll see that I’m fake”)

Question 12

People with Y problems are incongruent because of:

Answer 12

lack of unconditional love

Question 13

When it comes to Rogers’ theory, what is the main goal of phsychotherapy?

Answer 13

decrease incongruence by exposing client to
unconditional love

Question 14

What are the 3 conditions for reduction of congruence?

Answer 14

1. congruent therapist (being real and genuine)
2. Empathetic listening
3. unconditional positive regard
   - unconditional = no condition for acceptance
   - positive= wamr + caring relationship
   - regard = close relationship in which therapist sees client as being important

Question 15

What are the 7 stages for the process used to reduce incongruence?

Answer 15

Stage 1: client is incongruent + defensive, rigid + resistant to change&raquo_space;> unwillingness to communicate with the therapist.
Stage 2: client becomes less rigid&raquo_space;> discussions about external events +
people – NOT about true feelings.
Stage 3: client feels closer to therapist&raquo_space;> “objective” discussions about oneself in past or future.
Stage 4: “subjective” discussions about oneself in present; questioning
internalized values; perception of incongruence.
Stage 5: significant change + growth&raquo_space;> feelings expressed in the
present; relying on internal locus of evaluation.
Stage 6: dramatic irreversible growth&raquo_space;> unconditional positive selfregard&raquo_space;> client accepts oneself. (Termination of therapy.)
Stage 7: client becomes congruent outside therapeutic setting by continuing to do the work on their own

Question 16

Explain the changes that occur when this psychotherapy is used.

Answer 16

(1) Unconditional positive regard from therapist becomes unconditional
positive self-regard.
(2) Empathic listening by therapist becomes empathic “self-listening”&raquo_space;> genuine self-perception&raquo_space;> reduction of incongruence.

Question 17

healthy personality vs unhealthy personality in regards to time

Answer 17

A healthy personality focuses on the present moment (the here and now) while an unhealthy personality focuses on the past and future

Question 18

What does it mean when a person self-conceals?

Answer 18

It means they need to stay consistent with their inconsistencies or else their real self will come up