ROME- ETRUSCAN KINGS (2) Flashcards
(42 cards)
Who was the fifth king of Rome?
Lucius Tarquinius Priscus
Who was the sixth king of Rome?
Priscus’ adopted son, Servius Tullius
Who was the seventh king of Rome?
One of Priscus’ biological children, Tarquinius Superbus
Whom was the Etruscan trade system with?
Egypt, Greece, Phoenicia, and Rome
Who were the Etruscan kings?
Greeks who came from the Etruscan city Tarquinii. Livy claims Priscus was descended from Demaratus who fled Corinth in 657 and then created a trade empire in Tarquinii
What were some originally Etruscan practices?
Vestal Virgins and lictors
How did Priscus come to the throne? (Part 1)
When Demaratus died, his eldest son, Lucumo, inherited his wealth. Livy suggested the other Etruscans despised him being the son of a foreign refugee. His wife, Tanaquil therefore encouraged him to move to Rome, knowing that foreigners were able to succeed in Rome (as shown by Numa/Ancus)
What does Livy say happened to Lucumo as he reached Rome? (part 2)
As Lucumo reached Janiculum, and eagle flew down and snatched his cap, circled above him a few times, and then placed it back on his head. Tanaquil saw this as an opportunity for her husband to secure the throne of Rome. (part 2)
How did Lucumo integrate himself into Roman society (part 3)
Lucumo, after seeing the omen, evtered the city and took the name of Lucius Tarquinius Priscus. He began to attract attention as a wealthy stranger, soon making the acquaintance of the king. He had more money than any man would need, and was happy to give much of his wealth to the Roman people. Thus he became well liked and was even named as guardian of Ancus’ children in his will.
How did Priscus win over the people of Rome? (part 4)
Priscus sent Ancus’ children on a hunting expedition, delivering a public speech in their absence, and consequently secured an overwhelming majority.
How do Dionysius’ and Livy’s accounts of how Priscus became king differ?
Dionysius suggested that Priscus became king through his charitable nature and military record, but Livy suggests that Priscus was something of a schemer.
What does Lucumo mean?
Lucumo is understood to be the Latinized form of the Etruscan word ‘lauchame’, meaning king- it means that his name and title may have been confused in official tradition
Why is Priscus associated with ambitus?
Largesse- giving people gifts or money (in return for popularity)
Removing Ancus’ children from Rome to clear his way to power.
What were Priscus’ political changes?
Added one hundred men to the Senate
Who were one of the families added to the senate made by Priscus
the Octavii, from whom the first emperor, Augustus, was descended
What were Priscus’ structural changes?
He built the Circus Maximus
He constructed a stone wall around Rome
He began construction of the Cloaca Maxima
How old was Priscus when he was murdered?
80 years old
What did Priscus grant the patricians in the Circus Maximus?
To build their own 12-foot-high seating areas
What did Priscus change socially?
The construction of the Circus allowed Priscus to increase the number of festivals and games in Rome. Etruscan boxing and chariot racing were among the entertainments provided
He made grants for land around the forum to be used as private building sites, building shops.
What did Priscus change religiously?
He increased the number of vestal virgins to six
How successful was Priscus’ military record?
He successfully defeated several Latin, Etruscan and Sabine cities, and punished the Veii
When did Priscus come to the throne?
616 BC
When did Priscus die?
578 BC
How did Servius originate?
Version 1 (Livy)- Servius is depicted as a young slave whose head was surrounded by flame while he slept. This miracle was witnessed by Priscus’ wife, and she said that Servius would save the royal family in its hour of need. Priscus raised Servius as his son and married him to one of his daughters
Version 2 (Livy)- argues that Servius is the child of Servius Tullius (same name), a prince of Corniculum. When the latter was killed, his wife, Ocrisia, was brought to Rome and lived with Tanaquil, as her friend. This disputes the claim that Servius was a slave.
Version 3- Servius was conceived when his mother was impregnated by a divine phallus which rose from the fire.
