ROME- ORIGINS OF ROME (1) Flashcards

Question

What day do Roman historians claim Rome was established?

Answer 1

21 April 753 BC

Answer 2

Asylum, Safety, Representation, The Senate, Democracy

Answer 3

Dionysius says that Romulus invited asylum seekers wanting to escape tyrannies Livy suggests he invited criminals and outcasts, though

Answer 4

Romulus fortifies the Palatine hill before building Rome Note- the walls found date back to the 8th century BC, which is how some people suggest supports Romulus' existence, but historians refute this, as walls would have been essential in a city at that time, and so the discovery rather supports the urbanisation of Rome

Answer 5

Romulus allegedly created the patricians (100 of Rome's best men) to offer guidance to the rest of Rome's population, the plebeians, who would serve as clients.

Answer 6

The patricians also served in the Senate. They advised the king and were appointed for life. The king ruled by decree (passed laws without needing to listen to others). Romulus adopted the Etruscan custom of lictors (Roman bodyguards carrying the fasces) to show his power. The Senate allegedly also murdered Romulus as he was acting too tyrannically The Senate used the interrex to manage the appointment of the future king.

Answer 7

The Senate was split into ten decuries. These 10 performed the functions of government, although only one carried its insignia as 'president', and was accompanied by lictors. Each decuria governed Rome for 5 days, and so each member for 12 hours. This continued for a year until Numa was appointed king.

Answer 8

Livy describes how Rome was divided into 30 curiae (each 10 from Dionysius' 3 tribes)

Answer 9

Bound bundles of sticks or rods into which an axe is inserted or to which an axe is tied

Answer 10

Gave kings the power to rule or govern- in the republic it gave consuls the power to control the army

Answer 11

Built a temple to Jupiter to commemorate military success against the city of Caecina. Influenced by the Greek legend of Heracles Transformed into a god

Answer 12

DIONYSIUS: The army was very well organised- eg if Romulus needed an army for Rome, he simply gave instructions to the tribunes, who would. pass down the message to the next rank of the army so that they appeared with arms at the designated time. The order: King- Military Tribune- Centurion- Soldier The military tribune would organise military service The centurion would command the century, typically between 60-100 men. In reality, the Roman army would have been small bands of men.

Answer 13

Romulus needed women for his new city. He organised a festival with games, inviting many neighbouring cities.They then abducted many young Sabine women. Romulus visited as many of these women as he could, reassuring them that they would be married and enjoy the wealth of their husbands. Titus Tatius, the then king of the Sabines, was outraged and spent 9 months preparing for battle, enough time for the sabine women to have children. During the battle, the Sabine women came out to stop the battle, and Romulus agreed to share power with Titus Tatius, building the Roman forum.

Answer 14

Where the Palatine and Capitoline Hill met. Archaeology shows that the forum was truly developed as a meeting place between the 10th and 8th century.

Answer 15

5 July 717 BC

Answer 16

Being religious

Answer 17

A Sabine nobleman

Answer 18

Priesthoods ('flamen') for Jupiter, Mars and Quirinus. Vestal virgins- celibate female priestesses who protected Rome's sacred flame, in the Roman forum Pontiff to look after the religious practices in Rome

Answer 19

Divide it into 12 lunar months, as opposed to the previous 10 by Romulus (adding January and February)

Answer 20

Divided Rome into districts and appointed an official to inspect each of them

Answer 21

Poor men who had recently become citizens, and thus not aided Romulus in his wars, were left neglected by him, and were ready to revolt. Numa gave the poor people some of Romulus' land as payment, whilst appeasing the patricians by giving these new citizens different honours and thus not reducing the privileges of the older patricians.

Answer 22

Numa established guilds in Rome within the city, such as those of blacksmiths, musicians, carpenters, potters etc. Numa divided the immediate Roman territory into pagi (villages). He also divided the existing land amongst indigent Romans, persuading them to work in agriculture, as it would reduce aggression. Numa also allowed slaves to feast with their masters during the Saturnalia (Roman festival to the god Saturn)

Answer 23

Temple of Janus, god of doorways. The doors were closed in times of peace, and left open in times of war. The gates were left closed for all of Numa's reign.

Answer 24

A war with Alba

Answer 25

A dispute began between the two sides regarding cattle-raids, and Tullus eventually declared war on Alba. As the sides met, the Alban dictator, Mettius, reminded Tullus that both cities shared common Trojan heritage, and that it was like a 'father fighting son'. He also reminded Rome about the Etruscan threat of encirclement, and they should find a way to decide the matter between them.

Answer 26

They agreed to hold a battle between two teams of triplets- the Horatii for Rome, and the Curiatii for Alba. Livy describes how 2 of the 3 Roman triplets were lost quickly, but how the third managed to isolate and kill each of the Curiatii one by one.

Answer 27

Mettius, unable to deal with the resentment of his people, entrusting triplets with the fate of Alba, formed a secret alliance with the Etruscan cities of Veii and Fidenae. During a battle against the Veii and the city of Fidenae, the Albans fled. Tullus, having seen the Roman army's unrest, played it down as one of his own orders, (saying that the Albans were to attack the exposed Fidenate rear) which gave the Romans courage to win the battle. The next day, having explained the truth, Tullus executed Mettius by being ripped apart by 4 chariots.

Answer 28

During the plague, Tullus did not allow soldiers to go back and take care of their families, which led to unrest and division in Rome. When he failed to perform his religious duties correctly, Jupiter struck his palace with lightning

Answer 29

He expanded Rome with his victories over Alba and the Sabines, building a new settlement on the Caelian hill, on which he constructed a palace, which became his official residence. To accommodate the new enlarged Senate he build a new Senate House called the Curia Hostilia.

Answer 30

He told his pontiff, Gaius Papirus, to publish laws and religious rite on oak boards across the cities, to reintroduce Numa's (his grandfather) teachings

Answer 31

The Latin league believed the new king would employ more pious means in his rule, as Numa did before him, and decided to attempt an invasion. Ancus, however, declared war, and pushed the Latins back, taking Politorium, Tellenae, Ficana and Medullia in the process, and incorporating the inhabitants into Rome.

Answer 32

He allowed citizens who lived outside the city to settle on the Aventine hill He invited the Latins he had defeated to become Roman citizens Rome was extended over the river Tiber, to connect Janiculum hill to the city, and built a wall around it, which made Rome more secure from attack The port of Ostia and a salt works were also supposed to have been built at this time

ROME- ORIGINS OF ROME (1) Flashcards

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