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Flashcards in Roosevelt and the New Deal Deck (25)
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1
Q

What were ‘The Hundred Days’?

A

First 100 days of Roosevelt’s presidency when he tried to introduce a range of measures to help America recover

2
Q

What were closed for 4 days in America in March 1933?

A

Banks (officials would check them all to see if trustworthy to reopen)

3
Q

What name was given to the closing of banks for government officials to inspect the bank’s accounts?

A

The Emergency Banking Act 1933 (5,000 trustworthy banks were allowed to reopen)

4
Q

What kind of ‘chats’ did Roosevelt have with the American people to explain his policies?

A

Fireside chats (new political strategy of talking to the public via the radio). Roosevelt would explain what he was doing and why-estimated 60 million Americans listened every Sunday

5
Q

What 3 Rs was the New Deal intended to provide?

A

Relief, Recovery and Reform

6
Q

Name 2 agencies that provided relief?

A
  • Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) May 1933
  • Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA). May 1933
  • Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) March 1933
  • Civil Works Administration (CWA) Nov 1933
  • Home Owner’s Loan Corporation (HOLC) 1933
  • Social Security Act (SSA) 1935
7
Q

What does the CWA stand for and how long was it supposed to provide jobs for?

A

Civil Works Administration (emergency relief during winter of 1933-34)

8
Q

How much did the FERA give to spend on the poor (soup kitchens, blankets, work schemes etc)?

A

$500 million spent on urgent needs of the poor

9
Q

Which age group was the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) targeted at and approximately how many young people did it involve?

A

17-24 year olds

2.5 - 3 million involved (signed up initially for six months but could be extended)

10
Q

How did the AAA help stop over-production?

A

Paid farmers to produce less crops to increase the crop prices (also helped farmers to use modern production methods and some in extreme cases helped with their mortgages)

11
Q

Why was the AAA criticised?

A
  • Destroying crops and food at a time of hunger (6 million piglets killed but meat was canned and handed out to poor)
  • the AAA didn’t help the ‘sharecroppers’ (helped farm the land for a share of the crop) modernisation now meant they had less work- many had to move to look for work
  • 1936 AAA declared illegal by Supreme Court (said state government should tell farmers what to do not the Federal government)
12
Q

Name 2 agencies that provided recovery?

A

Public Works Administration (PWA) June 1933
Works Progress Administration (WPA) 1935
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) May 1933

13
Q

Give 2 benefits the TVA May 1933 brought.

A
  1. Dams stopped the Tennessee river from flooding and ruining farmland.
  2. Cheap hydro-electricity was produced
  3. Lakes and waterways created could be used to transport coal, steel etc and irrigate land
  4. Increased employment and made a poor area prosperous (wealthier)
14
Q

Which agency built 50,000 miles of road, 13,000 schools, 4 dams and created 4 national parks?

A

Public Works Administration June 1933 (short term created millions of jobs)

15
Q

In what year was the WPA created and approximately how many people did it employ each year?

A

Works Progress Administartion (later renamed Works Project Administration) 1935
2 million

16
Q

What did the HOLC do to help people?

A

Home Owners Loan Corporation 1933

  • New loans for home buyers ( low rate mortgages to hopefully prevent people from losing their homes)
  • 1933-36 helped 20% of American homeowners
17
Q

What is the name given to the idea that government spending would boost the economy and lead to economic growth?

A

Pump Priming

18
Q

Name 2 alphabet agencies that were about reform.

A

National Recovery Administration (NRA) 1933

Social Security Act (SSA) 1935

19
Q

How did the SSA help people in the short and long term?

A
  • Old age pensions for over 65s (employer and employee would both contribute over years) and widows
  • Unemployment benefit (maximum of $18 a week for 16 weeks)
  • Federal government working with state government to provide help for sick and disabled
20
Q

How did the NRA try to help people?

A
  • Better working conditions and fair wages
  • Banned child labour
  • voluntary, Blue Eagle symbol
  • over 2 million employers joined
    The Supreme Court declared the NRA unconstitutional in 1935
21
Q

How many states did the Tennessee Valley cut across?

A

7

22
Q

Before the TVA what problems did the Tennessee Valley experience?

A
  • floods
  • droughts
  • dust bowl (eroded soil like a desert)
  • social problems (poverty, no electricity)
  • difficult for different states to co-operate to sort out the problems
23
Q

Why did Roosevelt introduce a second wave of New Deal measures in 1935?

A
  • facing criticism from likes of Huey Long he was doing too little
  • USA recovering less quickly than Europe from the Depression
  • businesses losing enthusiasm for the NRA
  • Roosevelt met advisers and decided to introduce more radical steps
24
Q

Which measures were introduced in 1935?

A
  • Wagner Act (forced employers to allow trade unions)
  • Social Security Act (pensions for elderly and widows, benefit for sick and disabled and unemployment benefit)
  • Works Progress Administration ( jobs for office workers, artists, actors, photographers)
  • Resettlement Administration (RA) helped small farmers or tenants not helped by AAA
25
Q

What did the Resettlement Administration (RA) do to help tenant or small farmers?

A
  • Moved over 500,000 families to better quality land and housing
  • replaced by Farm Security Act in 1937 which gave loans to small farmers to buy their land and built camps for migrant workers