Roseberry Round 2

Question 1

children begin ________ language at birth as they _______ with their caregivers.

Answer 1

developing, interact

Question 2

Children from _______ and ________ diverse backgrounds are exposed to _______ experiences. This diversity creates the concepts to which children attach ______ or words.

Answer 2

cuturally, linguistically,symbols.

Question 3

THE ROLE OF THE ENVIRONMENT IN LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT

Answer 3

Development of language rests upon several major variables that interact with one another

1. The child’s cultural and linguistic environment is a big influence upon language learning
2. Each child has unique characteristics that she brings to the language learning situation

Question 4

for a child to develop language optimally..

Answer 4

• she needs language stimulation from her environment.

- in many cultures, adult interaction with infants and young children differs from mainstream U.S. expectations.

Question 5

Most American mothers use ________. high pitch, ______ sentences, _______ pauses, ________

Answer 5

motherese,shorter, longer, repetition.

Question 6

Other cultures (e.g. Native American) are …

Answer 6

silent with their infants; children may also not be read to.

Question 7

Theories of Language acquisition

Behaviorist Theory

Answer 7

• BF skinner
• explains acquisition of verbal behavior
• breaks down verbal language into mands, tacts, and echoics
• verbal behaviors are learned under appropriate conditions of stimulation, response, and reinforcement.

Question 8

imitative verbal responses whose stimuli are the speech of another person.

• in therapy, SLP models target responses; ch echos or imitates
• children reinforced for doing this

Answer 8

echoics

Question 9

requests

-we motivate children to request things

Answer 9

mands

Question 10

group of verbal responses that describe, comment on things around us.
-socially reinforced by social behaviors such as nods, smiles of approval,etc.

Answer 10

tacts

Question 11

select specific target responses, create appropriate antecedent events, and reinforce correct responses
-clearly established criterion for success

Answer 11

in therapy, clinicians who use principles of the behaviorist theory.

Question 12

• SLP focuses on measurable, observable behavior.

- drill focuses on discrete, isolated aspects of language

Answer 12

• SLP focuses on measurable, observable behavior.

- drill focuses on discrete, isolated aspects of language

Question 13

Jean Piaget
Emphasizes cognition, or knowledge and mental processes
Language acquisition is made possible by cognition and general intellectual processes
Two forms: strong cognition hypothesis and weak cognition hypothesis

Answer 13

cognitive theory

Question 14

Cognitive abilities are prerequisites to language skills

Language will absolutely not develop without these cognitive abilities

Answer 14

Strong cognition hypothesis

Question 15

cognition can account for some of a childrens language abilitities, but not all.

Answer 15

weak cognition hypothesis

Question 16

sensorimotor (birth-2 years)

• means ends behavior
• symbolic play(one thing stands for something else)
• object permanence (if you hide an object, child will keep looking cuz they know its there)
• first word, 12 months of age

Answer 16

Piaget’s stages of cognitive development

Question 17

• concreteness of thought
• children are egocentric; difficulty taking othperspective
• overextensions and underextensions occur

Answer 17

Preoperational 2-7

Question 18

Acquires conservation and classification skills

Child less egocentric, has ability to see others’ points of view

Answer 18

concrete operations (7-11)

Question 19

increased ability to see others’ points of view

• can think and speak in the abstract
• fluidly uses verbal reasoning and if-then statements

Answer 19

formal operations (over 11 years)

Question 20

if cognitive development is sufficient for language development, language therapy is unnecessary.
-cognitive growth will automatically facilitate language growth.

Answer 20

clinical implications of the cognitive theory

Question 21

If cognitive skills are low, why bother with language therapy? It won’t help, because the foundation (cognition) is not there

Answer 21

Thus, children with (low) cognitive skills that are commensurate with their (low) language skills are denied therapy

Question 22

Clinicians must assess and treat cognitive precursors to language and facilitate development of these precursors before working on language itself

Answer 22

So, with a very young child, you would work on symbolic play and object permanence before you tried to have a child say her first word

Question 23

Noam Chomsky
All children are born with a Language Acquisition Device (LAD)
This is a specialized processor that is a physiological part of the brain
–Children have an innate capacity to acquire language

Answer 23

Nativist theory

Question 24

reading, writing, speaking and listening, language

Answer 24

english language arts

Question 25

the ______ theory believes that children will talk, even if environmental conditions are not favorable
-not true

Answer 25

Huit et al 2015, nativist

Question 26

• language competence-innate
• language performance-what we actually see
• surface structure-phrase or sentence you actually hear
• deep structure-holds rules of sentence formulation

Answer 26

chomsky introduced concepts of

Question 27

phrase or sentence you actually hear

Answer 27

surface structure

Question 28

holds rules of sentence formulation

Answer 28

deep structure

Question 29

in therapy, focus heavily on syntax

• reinforcement unnecessary
• language is innate; so is walking we dont reinforce a child for walking and dont reinforce for talking.

Answer 29

clinical implications of the nativist theory are scant:

Question 30

nativist theory does not account for children’s environments or interactions with caregivers.
-chomsky’s work-theoretical level; not based on listening to what children do when they learn language.

Answer 30

drawbacks

Question 31

-concerned with how language is learned.
Focus;steps involved in processing information
-steps: memory, attention, organization.
-long and short term memory especially important

Answer 31

information processing theory

Question 32

Concerned with processes involved in a child’s ability to mentally manipulate phonological aspects of language

These include word rhyming, syllabication, etc.

Answer 32

phonological processing

Question 33

• Child’s ability to perceive the brief acoustic events that make up speech sounds and track changes in these events as they happen quickly in the speech of other people
• Child’s capacity for and speed of processing
• Children with problems can’t remember and repeat back digit strings, lists of real or nonsense words, etc.—esp. if fast

Answer 33

temporal auditory processing

Question 34

• When a child enters kindergarten, she should have solid auditory-oral skills
• These are strongly related to learning to read and write
• A child’s emergent literacy skills or preliteracy skills are foundational to later reading and writing in school

Answer 34

Education, language, and literacy in the School-Age Years

Question 35

1. create globally competitive citizens in the 21st century.
2. prepare students for college.
3. create critical readers who read deeply
4. help students become responsible citizens who use evidence for deliberation.

Answer 35

Common core state standards 4 major goals

Question 36

drill focuses on _____,isolated aspects of _____

Answer 36

drill focuses on discrete isolated aspects of language

Question 37

SLP focuses on ______ and measurable behavior

Answer 37

observable

Question 38

children go from learning to read and write to reading and writing to learn.

Answer 38

grades 4-6

Question 39

by ___grade, children should understand about 50,000 words.

Answer 39

6th

Question 40

children with language impairments often ID

Answer 40

grades 4-6

Question 41

children begin ___ grade with a spoken vocab of 6,000 words.

Answer 41

1st

Question 42

by ___ grade. learn 36,000 more words.

Answer 42

12

Question 43

students must learn 3,000 words per year by ___ grade

Answer 43

3rd

Question 44

• positive impacts on both social and academic skills.
• children especially learn to engage in more child to child interactions
• teachers increase time for small group activities

Answer 44

all day kindergarten.