RPHMidterm1 Flashcards by LUIS KEINE CERTEZA

What document did Fr. Manuel Garcia discover in 1935 that sparked controversy regarding Rizal’s final moments?

A) Noli Me Tangere
B) Rizal’s Retraction Letter
C) El Filibusterismo
D) Cuerpo de Vigilancia Report

Rizal’s Retraction Letter

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What is the main argument of the Balaguer Testimony regarding Rizal’s last hours?

A) Rizal stayed firm in his anti-clerical beliefs.
B) Rizal refused to speak to any religious figures.
C) Rizal confessed, attended mass, and retracted his views.
D) Rizal denied all accusations against him.

Rizal confessed, attended mass, and retracted his views.

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Which of the following dates is traditionally associated with the “Cry of Balintawak”?

A) August 23, 1896
B) August 26, 1896
C) September 6, 1896
D) August 29, 1896

August 26, 1896

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Who was the chronicler that documented the first mass in the Philippines?

A) Gregorio Zaide
B) Antonio Pigafetta
C) Teodoro Agoncillo
D) Francisco Albo

Antonio Pigafetta

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Which place is most widely accepted as the site of the first mass in the Philippines according to the National Historical Institute?

A) Masao, Butuan
B) Bolinao, Pangasinan
C) Limasawa, Southern Leyte
D) Homonhon, Samar

Limasawa, Southern Leyte

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The Cavite Mutiny of 1872 was a precursor to which major historical event?

A) Cry of Pugad Lawin
B) Philippine Revolution of 1896
C) American Occupation of the Philippines
D) Rizal’s Execution

Philippine Revolution of 1896

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What is the “Retraction of Rizal”?

A) A letter Rizal wrote against the Spanish
B) A document where Rizal retracted his views against the Catholic Church and the friars
C) A fictional account of Rizal’s death
D) A letter Rizal wrote to his family

A document where Rizal retracted his views against the Catholic Church and the friars

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What year was the alleged retraction letter of Rizal discovered?

A) 1896
B) 1935
C) 1901
D) 1918

1935

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Which primary source claims that Rizal retracted before his execution?

A) The Cuerpo de Vigilancia
B) The Balaguer Testimony
C) The Diario de Manila
D) The testimony of Federico Moreno

The Balaguer Testimony

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Where was Rizal’s alleged retraction letter first published?

A) La Solidaridad
B) La Voz Española and Diario de Manila
C) The Philippine Star
D) El Imparcial

La Voz Española and Diario de Manila

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Who testified that Rizal prayed the rosary and confessed multiple times before his execution?

A) Pio Valenzuela
B) Emilio Jacinto
C) Fr. Vicente Balaguer
D) Lt. Olegario Diaz

Fr. Vicente Balaguer

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What event is referred to as the “Cry of Balintawak” or “Cry of Pugadlawin”?

A) The beginning of the Philippine Revolution
B) The execution of Rizal
C) The founding of the Katipunan
D) The signing of the Pact of Biak-na-Bato

The beginning of the Philippine Revolution

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Which historian claimed that the Cry of Balintawak occurred on August 26, 1896?

A) Gregorio Zaide
B) Teodoro Agoncillo
C) Pio Valenzuela
D) Milagros Guerrero

Gregorio Zaide

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What did the tearing of the “cedulas” symbolize during the Cry of Balintawak?

A) Rebellion against the Spanish rule
B) Support for the Spanish
C) Formation of a new government
D) An oath of loyalty to the Katipunan

Rebellion against the Spanish rule

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Which location did Pio Valenzuela claim as the site of the Cry of Pugad Lawin?

A) Bahay Toro
B) Pugad Lawin
C) Balintawak
D) Kangkong

Pugad Lawin

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What was Andres Bonifacio’s role in the event known as the Cry of Balintawak?

A) He led the revolutionaries in tearing their cedulas
B) He signed a peace agreement with the Spanish
C) He declared the end of the Katipunan
D) He fled to avoid arrest

He led the revolutionaries in tearing their cedulas

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According to Antonio Pigafetta, where was the first Catholic mass in the Philippines held?

A) Masao, Butuan
B) Limasawa, Leyte
C) Homonhon, Samar
D) Cebu

Limasawa, Leyte

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Which of the following historians supported Butuan as the site of the first mass?

A) Sonia Zaide
B) Teodoro Agoncillo
C) Emma Helen Blair
D) Francisco Albo

Sonia Zaide

Who chronicled the first voyage around the world and the events leading to the first mass in the Philippines?

A) Ferdinand Magellan
B) Antonio Pigafetta
C) Andres Bonifacio
D) Jose Rizal

Antonio Pigafetta

In what year did Congress officially recognize Limasawa as the site of the first mass?

A) 1898
B) 1935
C) 1960
D) 1996

1960

What was the Cavite Mutiny of 1872?

A) A Spanish victory over the Filipinos
B) A labor dispute turned into an uprising against Spanish rule
C) The start of the Philippine Revolution
D) An uprising led by Andres Bonifacio

A labor dispute turned into an uprising against Spanish rule

Who were falsely accused and executed following the Cavite Mutiny?

A) Jose Rizal and Andres Bonifacio
B) Gregorio del Pilar and Antonio Luna
C) Gomburza (Gomez, Burgos, and Zamora)
D) Emilio Jacinto and Emilio Aguinaldo

Gomburza (Gomez, Burgos, and Zamora)

What was the immediate effect of the Cavite Mutiny on the Filipino nationalist movement?

A) It led to a rise in pro-Spanish sentiment
B) It was a catalyst for the Philippine Revolution
C) It divided the Katipunan
D) It caused Filipinos to flee the country

It was a catalyst for the Philippine Revolution

What controversial perspective surrounds the Cavite Mutiny?

A) Whether it was planned as a major revolution
B) Whether the leaders were executed justly
C) Whether the mutiny involved American forces
D) Whether it was a conspiracy by the Spanish government

Whether it was a conspiracy by the Spanish government

Who discovered the document that allegedly contained Rizal’s retraction? A) Fr. Federico Moreno B) Fr. Manuel Garcia C) Fr. Vicente Balaguer D) Teodoro Agoncillo

Fr. Manuel Garcia

Which of the following is NOT one of the four versions of Rizal’s Retraction? A) The version published in La Voz Española B) The version published in Diario de Manila C) The version published in La Solidaridad D) The version published in El Imparcial

The version published in La Solidaridad

Which account contradicts the Balaguer Testimony about Rizal’s last hours? A) The Testimony of the Cuerpo de Vigilancia B) The Testimony of Emilio Aguinaldo C) The Report of Pio Valenzuela D) The Diary of Antonio Luna

The Testimony of the Cuerpo de Vigilancia

What impact would Rizal's retraction have had on his image if it were proven authentic? A) It would have increased his influence among the Filipinos. B) It would have tarnished his legacy as a revolutionary. C) It would have had no impact on his image. D) It would have improved his relationship with the Spanish government.

It would have tarnished his legacy as a revolutionary.

What was the significance of Rizal’s retraction to the Catholic Church? A) It provided validation for the Church’s actions against the Filipino revolution. B) It would have given the Church credibility in converting more Filipinos. C) It removed Rizal’s criticisms of the friars. D) All of the above

All of the above

Which Katipunan leader initially opposed starting the revolution early during the Cry of Balintawak? A) Emilio Jacinto B) Andres Bonifacio C) Teodoro Plata D) Pio Valenzuela

Teodoro Plata

What reason did Andres Bonifacio give to convince others to begin the uprising immediately? A) The Katipunan had enough resources for a revolution. B) The Katipunan had already been discovered by the Spanish. C) The Spanish government offered to negotiate peace. D) The Katipunan received foreign support.

The Katipunan had already been discovered by the Spanish.

In which primary source can the account of Guillermo Masangkay about the Cry of Balintawak be found? A) La Solidaridad B) El Imparcial C) Documentary Sources of Philippine History by Gregorio Zaide D) Diario de Manila

Documentary Sources of Philippine History by Gregorio Zaide

What is a common reason for the multiple dates and locations associated with the Cry of the Philippine Revolution? A) The Spanish authorities altered the historical record. B) Bonifacio and his men moved to avoid capture, leading to different accounts. C) There were several simultaneous revolts across the Philippines. D) The leaders of the Katipunan did not keep detailed records.

Bonifacio and his men moved to avoid capture, leading to different accounts.

What significant event took place on March 31, 1521, according to Antonio Pigafetta’s account? A) The signing of the Treaty of Cebu B) The first Christian mass in the Philippines C) The first sighting of the Philippines by Europeans D) The first battle between Magellan’s men and the natives

The first Christian mass in the Philippines

Why is the island of Mazaua significant in Philippine history? A) It was where Magellan first landed in the Philippines. B) It was identified as the site of the first Christian mass. C) It was the site of Magellan’s death. D) It was the first area to join the revolution against Spain.

It was identified as the site of the first Christian mass.

Which Philippine government institution is responsible for resolving disputes over historical events, such as the site of the first mass? A) The Senate B) The National Historical Institute (NHI) C) The Department of Tourism D) The National Museum

The National Historical Institute (NHI)

Which historian asserted that the site of the first mass was in Butuan, not Limasawa? A) Gregorio Zaide B) Sonia Zaide C) Emma Helen Blair D) Ambeth Ocampo

Sonia Zaide

What is one reason for the controversy surrounding the exact location of the first mass in the Philippines? A) Pigafetta’s account is vague and lacks geographical details. B) Historians disagree on the reliability of the sources. C) Both Butuan and Limasawa claim to be the site. D) All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following is NOT considered a cause of the Cavite Mutiny? A) The increase in taxes and abolition of privileges for workers in the arsenal. B) The desire for religious freedom. C) The Spanish government’s suspicion of the local clergy. D) The imposition of labor policies by the colonial government.

The desire for religious freedom

Which Filipino martyr was NOT executed as a result of the Cavite Mutiny? A) Mariano Gomez B) Jose Burgos C) Jacinto Zamora D) Jose Rizal

Jose Rizal

What is the most common interpretation of the Cavite Mutiny in Philippine history? A) It was a peaceful protest that was misunderstood. B) It was an important precursor to the Philippine Revolution. C) It was an accidental uprising that led to more uprisings. D) It was a successful revolt that ended Spanish rule.

It was an important precursor to the Philippine Revolution.

What does "multiperspectivity" in history emphasize? A) Viewing history from a single, objective source B) Acknowledging and integrating multiple viewpoints to gain a fuller understanding C) Focusing only on primary sources for historical analysis D) Rejecting all biased interpretations of history

Acknowledging and integrating multiple viewpoints to gain a fuller understanding

Why is multiperspectivity important in the study of historical controversies? A) It helps in justifying one perspective as correct. B) It enriches understanding by considering different interpretations and sources. C) It forces historians to abandon all preconceived notions. D) It eliminates the need for further research.

It enriches understanding by considering different interpretations and sources.