Rules Flashcards
1
Q
Name the 7 where stress fall on the 2nd last vowel sound?
A
- oma
- itis
- osis
- ic
- ion (un sound)
- rrhea
- esis
2
Q
What’s -esis are exceptions to the 2nd last vowel sound?
A
- genesis
- emesis
3
Q
What rule does -genesis and -emesis follow?
A
Stress on 3rd to last vowel sound
4
Q
What rule does -blast follow?
A
Stresses on the root
5
Q
What rule does -cele follow?
A
Stresses on the root
6
Q
What rule does -clast follow?
A
Stresses on the root
7
Q
What rule does -cyte follow?
A
Stresses on the root
8
Q
What rule does -gram follow?
A
Stresses on the root
9
Q
What rule does -graph follow?
A
Stresses on the root
10
Q
What rule does -pexy follow?
A
Stresses on the root
11
Q
What rule does -plasm follow?
A
Stresses on the root
12
Q
What rule does -plasty follow?
A
Stresses on the root
13
Q
What rule does -scope follow?
A
Stresses on the root
14
Q
What rule does -tome follow?
A
Stresses on the root
15
Q
What rule does -tripsy follow?
A
Stresses on root
16
Q
Spell the combining forms of coccyx, larynx and pharynx?
A
Coccyg/o
Laryng/o
Pharyng/o
(Drops the X and add a g/o)
17
Q
What vowel is stressed in coccygeal, laryngeal, and pharyngeal?
A
The y on all 3 are stressed
18
Q
What vowel is stressed in anabolism, catabolism, and metabolism?
A
3rd last vowel
19
Q
What is stressed in mediastinum? Why?
A
2nd to last vowel (i) - um like un (ion)
20
Q
What is stressed in peritoneum? Why?
A
2nd last vowel (e) - um like un
21
Q
What is stressed in inguinal? Why?
A
3rd last vowel (I at the start) - ui is one vowel sound together
22
Q
What is the stress on for -blast and -clast?
A
Stresses on root
23
Q
What is the stress on for -gram, -graph and -graphy?
A
- gram and -graph stress on root
- graphy is general rule
24
Q
What is the stress on for -scope and -scopy?
A
- scope tresses on root
- scopy is general rule
25
What is the stress on for -plasm, -plasty and -pathy?
- plasm and -plasty stresses on root
| - pathy is general rule
26
What is the stress on for -tome and -tomy?
- tome stresses on root
| - tomy is general rule
27
What is the difference between -trophy and -plasia?
- trophy = development for cell size
| - plasia = development for cell number
28
What happens when you pair -stomy with one root? 2 roots?
```
One = opening to outside
Two = connection between
```
29
What is the difference with syn- and sym-?
Both mean with or together
Sym- pair with roots starting with b, m, p
Syn- pair with any other roots
30
What are the 2 ways to use pro-?
Before (time)
Forward (motion)
*must use specific one
31
What are the 2 ways to use para-?
Abnormal
Beside/near
*use specific one
32
What is the difference between the/o and top/o?
```
The/o = place as a verb (action)
Top/o = place as a noun (location)
```
33
What is the different meanings of -gram, -graph and -graphy?
- gram = record
- graph = instrument to record
- graphy = process of recording
34
What is the different meanings of -scope and -scopy?
- scope = instrument to visual examination
| - scopy = process of visual examination
35
What does hemostasis and ischemia mean?
Hemostasis - normal stoppage of blood flow (clotting)
| Ischemia - abnormal loss of blood flow (holding back of blood)
36
What are the meanings of -malacia and -sclerosis?
- malacia = softening
| - sclerosis = hardening
37
What are the different meanings of -algia, -dynia, and dys-?
-algia and -dynia = pain
| Dys- = painful, bad, abnormal, difficult
38
Difference between -tomy and -ectomy?
- tomy = in/cis/ion - cutting into
| - ectomy = re/sect/ion - cutting out or removal
39
What are the different meanings of -penia, -plasty, -ptosis, and -pexy?
- penia =deficiency
- plasty = surgical repair
- ptosis = drooping, sagging
- pexy = fixing, fastening (fixes ptosis)
40
What is the difference between my/o and myel/o?
```
My/o = muscle
Myel/o = spinal cord or bone marrow
```
41
What is the difference between Ec-, ecto- and ex-?
Ec- and ecto- = out, outside
| Ex- = out, away from
42
What is the difference between dys-, mal-, and eu-?
```
Dys- = bad, painful, difficult, abnormal
Mal- = bad
Eu- = good, normal
```
43
What is the difference between -lapse and -ptosis?
- lapse = slide, fall, sag
| - ptosis = droop, sag, prolapse (forward slide)
44
Difference between the/o and thel/o?
```
The/o = to place (verb)
Thel/o = nipple
```
45
Difference between ante- and anti-?
```
Ante- = before
Anti- = against
```
46
Difference between per- and peri-?
```
Per- = through
Peri- = surrounding
```
47
Difference between infra-, intra- and inter-?
```
Infra- = below, beneath
Intra- = within, into
Inter- = between
```
48
Difference between -pnea and -penia?
- pnea = breathing
| - penia = deficiency
49
What is stressed in duodenum, jejunum and ileum?
```
Duodenum = on e or o (both accepted)
Jejunum = first u
Ileum = i
```
50
What is stressed in -rrhage, -rrhagia, -rrhea, and -rrhapy?
- rrhage = stress of root
- rrhagia = stress on 3rd to last vowel (first a)
- rrhea = stress on 2nd to last (e)
- rrhapy = stress on 3rd to last vowel (combining vowel)
51
What is stressed in -stenosis, -ectasis, - ectasia, and -tresia?
- stenosis = 2nd to last vowel
- ectasis = 3rd to last vowel (e)
- ectasia = 3rd to last vowel (first a)
- tresia = 3rd to last vowel (e)
52
What is stressed in -ptosis and -ptysis?
- ptosis = 2nd to last vowel (o)
| - ptysis = 3rd to last vowel (combining vowel)
53
What is stressed in -emesis and emetic?
```
-emesis = 3rd to last vowel (first e)
Emetic = 2nd to last vowel (second e)
```
54
What is stressed of -poiesis and -poientin?
- poiesis = 2nd to last vowel (e)
| - poientin = 3rd to last vowel (o - ie makes one sound)
55
What is stressed in -gravida and -arche?
- gravida = 3rd (first a)
| - arche = 2nd (a)
56
What is stressed in hemostasis and metastasis?
```
Hemostasis = 3rd (o)
Metastasis = 3rd (a)
```
57
What is stressed in -cyesis, -partum, -ptosis?
- cyesis = 2nd (e)
- partum = 2nd (a)
- ptosis = 2nd (o)
58
What is stressed in hydrocele?
Stressed on root = y
59
What is stressed in epididymis?
3rd = middle i
60
What is stressed in bulbourethral?
2nd = e
61
What is stressed in ejaculation?
2nd = a (i and o as 1)
62
What is stressed in ejaculatory?
Stress on root = first a
63
What is stressed in syncope?
3rd = y
64
What is stressed in meninges?
2nd - i
65
What is stressed in myelin?
3rd = y
66
What is stressed in thalamus?
3rd = first a
67
What is stressed is systole and diastole?
```
Systole = 3rd (y)
Diastole = 3rd (a)
```
68
What is stressed in -meter?
3rd = on combining vowel
69
What is stressed in mediastinum?
2nd = last i
70
What is stressed in atelectasis? atelectasia?
```
atelectasis = 3rd (last e)
atelectasia = 3rd (middle a)
```
71
What is stressed in edema? Empyema?
```
Edema = 2nd (last e)
Empyema = 2nd (last e)
```
72
What is stressed in -penia?
3rd = e
73
What is stressed in olecranon?
3rd = e
74
What is stressed in acetabulum?
3rd = 2nd a
75
What is stressed in malleolus?
2nd or 3rd
76
What is stressed in foramen?
2nd = a
77
What is stressed in trochanter?
2nd = a
78
What is stressed in talipes?
3rd = i
79
What is stressed in -physis?
Symphysis
Epiphysis
Diaphysis
Stress on root
Symphysis = first y
Epiphysis = first i
Diaphysis = a
80
What is stressed in albino? Albinism?
```
Albino = 2nd (i)
Albinism = 3rd (first i)
```
81
What is stressed in melanin? Melanocyte?
```
Melanin = 3rd (e)
Melanocyte = stress on root (a)
```
82
What is stressed in paronychium?
3rd = y
83
What is stressed in onycholysis?
3rd = second o
84
What is stressed in onchomycosis?
2nd = last o
85
What is stressed in sebaceous?
4th = a
86
What is stressed in seborrhea?
2nd = last e
87
What is stressed in alopecia?
3rd = e
88
What is stressed in integumentary?
3rd = last e
89
What is stressed in rhytidectomy?
3rd = e
90
What is stressed in squamous?
3rd = a
91
What is stressed in -opia, -opsia and -tropia?
- opia = 3rd (o)
- opsia = 3rd (o)
- tropia =3rd (o)
92
What is stressed in meatus, cerumen and malleus?
Meatus - 2nd = a
Cerumen - 2nd = u
Malleus - 3rd = a
