Russia 25 Marker - 'Lenin advanced the rights of nationalities more than any other leader in the period from 1855 to 1964' Flashcards
PLAN OF QUESTION
plan
What are the 3 themes to talk about?
- Political
- Social
- Economic
Political Theme:
What is the Political (Lenin) agree point and evidence?
When Lenin was leader of Russia he signed the treaty of Brest-Litovsk, it was signed on the 3rd March 1918.
This granted Finland, Ukraine and Georgia independence.
These countries were free from Russian rule and had the right to rule themselves
What is the Political (Stalin) agree point and evidence? (Why Stalin didn’t advance right of nationalities)
Stalin took advantage of WW2 and annexed the Baltic States (Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia).
He placed them under the federal system of government created under the 1936 constitution.
There was no legitimate democracy, they were forced to be Communist and could not leave the USSR
What is the Political (Lenin) disagree point and evidence?
Lenin was forced to give up lots of land to end Russia’s involvement in WW1.
Georgia officially gained independence in 1920, but was ‘retaken’ by the Red Army in 1921.
Debates whether Georgia should be amalgamated with Armenia and Azerbaijan or should join what would become the USSR
What is the Political (Khrushchev) disagree point and evidence?
Khrushchev took control of the USSR in 1956 and secrets of his ‘Secret Speech’ were released, and Polish intellectuals demanded for Stalinist politicians to step down.
Gomulka was released from prison and became leader of Poland from 1956 to 1970.
Poland was less repressive than it had been under Stalin
Social Theme:
What is the Social (Lenin) agree point and evidence?
With the 1924 constitution which created the USSR, countries in Central Asia were allowed to have their own flag and keep their own language.
This meant they had the right to have their own culture rather than be Russified
What is the Social (Alexander III) agree point and evidence?
Alexander III clamped down on Jewish people when he was Tsar.
Jewish people were confined to the Pale of Settlement.
Banned from purchasing land in prosperous rural areas
Banned from having senior positions either in the military or medicine
Alexander III believed they were behind the infamous ‘Ignatiev Memorandum’
What is the Social (Lenin) disagree point and evidence?
The Pork Mutiny in February 1922
Red Guards crossed the border into Finland and looted property
The guards tried to convince Finnish workers to join their Soviet battalion
What is the Social (Nicholas II) disagree point and evidence?
Nicholas II showed respect for Muslims
The All-Russian Muslim League were represented in the Duma, having seats
What is the Economic (Lenin) agree point and evidence?
Lenin replaced War Communism with the NEP at the 10th Russian Communist Party Congress in March 1921.
This extended to all countries in what would become the USSR e.g. Ukraine, Poland.
The NEP gave people economics freedoms to sell and produce goods when they wanted rather than the economy being entirely state-run
What is the Economic (Stalin) agree point and evidence?
As part of Stalin’s ‘Great Turn’, he introduced collectivisation across the USSR.
This was not in line with the way nomadic people in Central Asia used to farm.
They no longer had the right to farm the way they wanted to, like many people across the USSR
What is the Economic (Lenin) disagree point and evidence?
Russia signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk on the 3rd March 1918.
Lots of land in the Russian empire was taken away, this included infrastructure important to the economy.
1/3 of agricultural land lost
1/3 of all railways lost
2/3 of coal mines lost
What is the Economic (Alexander II) disagree point and evidence?
Alexander II emancipated the Polish serfs
The Polish serfs were given more rights than their Russian counterparts
Given the right to buy land through redemption payments which were more favourable than in Russia
KNOWLEDGE
knowledge
