Russia 4 Flashcards
(22 cards)
what were some reasaons for the civil war
huge territorial losses from brest litovsk
nationalities from the old russian empire wanted to break away
mensheviks and SRs opposed the bolsheviks
what were the effects of the civil war on the bolsheviks
they used terror tactics to ensure control - once they captured an area, they hunted down opponents and executed them
winning the civil war would strengthen the bolshevik beliefs
they feared foreign invasion from britain and france
what were the armies in the civil war
red was bolsheviks
green was nationalities
whites were bolsheviks opposition
why did the bolsheviks win the civil war
strength of the bolsheviks
role of trotsky
weakness of the whites
what were the strengths of the bolsheviks in the civil war
the red army but the army up to 5 million soldiers
control of central russia - they could easily supply their armies
trotsky led the red army and reintroduced discipline making it an effective fighting force
what was the role of trotsky in the war
organised the huge mobilisation of the red army
trotsky commissars kept strict discipline in the army and spread bolshevik propoganda
what foreign intervention was there in the civil war
british french japanese and us soldiers were all sent to help the whites
but bolsheviks used foreign intervention as propoganda to motivate russians
what made the whites weak in the civil war
geographically very spread out
foreign intervention was a gift to the reds
far fewer whites than reds - fewer than 250,000
there was no single white leader
whites were not popular with workers and peasants
when was the cheka set up
december 1917
what did the cheka do
cheka coud arrest imprison or execute anyone they suspected
what was the red terror
bolsheviks ordered all workers to report anyone who made any remarks against the soviet and the government
when did the red terror last from
september 1918 to february 1919
what was the kronstadt mutiny
kronstadt was a naval base that guarded petrograd
kronstadt sailors rebelled against soviet government because they were sick of war communism, red terror and lack of political freedom
what did the communist party do in 1919
created a politburo with lenin trotsky zinoviev kamenev and stalin
when was war communism introduced and what was it
introduced in 1918 and put the russian government in control of economy
what were features of war communism
peasants were not allowed to sell their crops
industries were given production targets by the government
strikes were banned and any opposition was treated by the cheka
why was war communism introduced
transport problems meant industries did not get raw materials it needed
treaty of brest litovsk
bolsheviks needed control over food
what were consequences if war communism
1920 farm production had fallen by 37%
number of people working in factories fell by a half
food shortages turned into a famine
what were reasons for NEP
disastrous consequences of war communism
political opposition caused by war communism
what were features of the NEP
free market was introduced - peasants could sell their produce at whatever price
peasants paid tax on what they sold
money was reintroduced
state kept control of large factories
what were some economic affects of the NEP
grain production increased from 37 million tonnes to 56 million tonnes from 1921-23
wealthier peasants produced a lot of money (NEP men)
who did not like NEP
many communist party members as it seemed to bring capitalism back
