russia 5 Flashcards
(20 cards)
what were some impacts of bolshevik policies on women
women declared equal to men
divorces were made easier
abortion made legal
womens literacy increased
what were some features of communist education policies
co-education was introduced (boys and girls)
peasants were encouraged to read and write
by 1926 58% of the population was different
when did lenin die
1924
what was stalins ideology
believed that ussr could become a socialist state on its own
what were positives and negatives of stalin
position as general secretary
lenins testament criticised his rudeness
what was trotskys ideology
thought communism needed revolution to spread from country to country
what was good and bad about trotsky
good speaker
lenins close comrade
lack of supporters
menshevik until 1917
what was good and bad about zimnoviev and kamenev
they both worked closely together
only two bolsheviks to oppose lenins plan to sieze power in 1917
how did stalin become leader
stalin made sure he took lead role at lenins funeral and he tricked trotsly into missing it
stalin worked with zimnoviev and kamenev to undermine trotsky
zimnoviev and kamenev criticised bhukarin and stalin criticised them
economic difficulties in 1927-28 put pressure on NEP which bhukarin supported
stalin started arguing for rapid industrilisation
why did stalin murder kirov
the party and kirov began to criticise stalins policies on farming and industry. kirov called for a policy change and stalin saw this as a threat
what were some reasons for the purges
stalins fear of kirov
following lenins example after the red terror
stalin was paranoid about possible rivals
how did stalin purge
gulag - labour camps
forced confessions
mass terror from NKVD
what were consequences of the purges
stalin became dominant
no one could challenge stalin
chaos in government and economy
what did the NKVD do
secret police who intimidated, arrested, forced confessions and executed people
why were gulags used in purges
prisoners were used as slave labourers to extract resources and build infrastructure
camps were spread and suffered from severe winters
how did the ussr take control of all propaganda
education - new curriculums were drawn up that praised stalin and textbooks had to be approved by the state.
-new generation of teachers bought discipline
media - everything that was read or listened to had to be positive about the ussr
artists, writers, singers were all employed to make things glorifying the ussr
what was good about the constitution of 1936
everyone was allowed to vote
voting was done in secret
guarenteed workers rights to holidays, healthcare and education
what was bad about the new constitution of 1936
there was only 1 party to vote for
workers had lots of rights but these could be ignored by the secret police
how was stalin seen in the cult of stalin
stalin was shown on posters surrounded by happy farmers, modern factories
he was portrayed as the person who understood lenin
he was given a friendly image and was shown as the father of the country
what were reasons for the cult of stalin
setting up stalin as the perfect leader gave people confidence that all hardship and sacrifice was worth it
cult was needed to gain support for the regime
