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***1.0 *** YEAR 9 HISTORY. > Russian Revolution > Flashcards

Russian Revolution Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the extent of the Russian Empire under Tsar Nicholas II?

A

The Russian Empire stretched for more than 4000 miles from east to west and had around 130 million people living within its borders.

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2
Q

What event did Tsar Nicholas II and his people celebrate in February 1913?

A

They celebrated 300 years of rule by the Romanovs.

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3
Q

What caused anger and bitterness among the Russian people during the First World War?

A

Millions of soldiers were killed, and there were terrible shortages at home.

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4
Q

What happened in St Petersburg by March 1917?

A

Thousands of workers demonstrated against the government, leading to a revolution.

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5
Q

What was the response of the Tsar’s troops during the demonstrations in March 1917?

A

The troops refused to fire on the people and joined in the demonstrations.

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6
Q

What significant action did Nicholas II take on 16 March 1917?

A

He abdicated the throne.

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7
Q

What type of government took control of Russia after Nicholas II’s abdication?

A

A new Provisional Government.

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8
Q

What did people across the Russian Empire do in response to the end of the monarchy?

A

They rejoiced, and in St Petersburg, statues of the tsars were smashed to pieces.

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9
Q

Who returned to Russia in April 1917 and what was his political affiliation?

A

Lenin returned and was the leader of the Bolsheviks.

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10
Q

What were the main beliefs of Lenin and the Bolsheviks regarding wealth and land?

A
  • Everyone should have an equal share in Russia’s wealth
  • Peasants should have a share of the land
  • Workers should own a share of the factory where they worked
  • The war should be ended immediately.
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11
Q

What event occurred in October 1917 involving the Bolsheviks?

A

The Bolsheviks seized power from the Provisional Government.

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12
Q

What was the goal of Lenin and his party after seizing power in 1917?

A

To transform Russia into the world’s first communist state.

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13
Q

What was the state of public opinion in Russia regarding the Bolsheviks in 1917?

A

Not everyone in Russia supported the Bolsheviks; Russians were bitterly divided.

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14
Q

What conflict arose in Russia between 1918 and 1921?

A

A bloody civil war between the supporters and opponents of communism.

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15
Q

Fill in the blank: The revolution in Russia led to the establishment of the world’s first _______.

A

[communist state].

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16
Q

True or False: Nicholas II ruled Russia for over a decade after the celebrations in 1913.

A

False.

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17
Q

What did ordinary Russians struggle with during the First World War?

A

They could not afford to keep warm or to feed their families.

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18
Q

What event took place on the evening of 25 October 1917?

A

The Bolsheviks seized power from the Provisional Government in St Petersburg.

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19
Q

What does the painting of the Bolsheviks storming the Winter Palace portray?

A

The Bolsheviks as great heroes who fought hard to capture the Winter Palace.

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20
Q

What was the reality of the October Revolution according to historical accounts?

A

The October Revolution was a shambles with many expected supporters arriving late and being unprepared.

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21
Q

What happened to the field guns during the October Revolution?

A

The huge field guns were too rusty to fire.

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22
Q

Why did the Bolsheviks succeed in 1917?

A

Hardly anyone came to support the Provisional Government.

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23
Q

What did some soldiers in the Winter Palace choose to do instead of fighting?

A

They went to eat their evening meals in the restaurants of St Petersburg.

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24
Q

What was Lenin’s goal after the Bolsheviks seized power?

A

To destroy all opposition parties and make Russia communist.

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25
What actions did Bolshevik soldiers take against opposition newspapers?
They smashed up the offices and arrested their editors.
26
What was the role of the Cheka in Lenin's new government?
To torture and execute opponents of the new government.
27
What did the Provisional Government promise regarding representation?
An election to decide who should represent the people in a new Constituent Assembly.
28
What was the outcome of the November 1917 election for the Bolsheviks?
The Bolsheviks did badly and were outnumbered in the Constituent Assembly.
29
What did Lenin do in January 1918 regarding the Constituent Assembly?
He sent his soldiers to close it down.
30
What type of government did Russia become after the Bolsheviks closed the Constituent Assembly?
A one-party state.
31
Fill in the blank: Lenin was determined to make Russia _______.
communist.
32
What was the main reason for the Bolshevik diplomats to travel to Brest Litovsk in November 1917?
To begin peace talks with Germany ## Footnote This was in response to the desperate need for peace among the Russian people after the October Revolution.
33
What were the harsh demands made by the Germans during the peace talks?
The Germans made very harsh demands that led to significant territorial losses for Russia ## Footnote Lenin feared that failing to sign a treaty would result in German troops capturing Petrograd.
34
When was the Treaty of Brest Litovsk signed?
March 1918
35
What percentage of Russia's population was lost due to the Treaty of Brest Litovsk?
34%
36
What percentage of Russia's agricultural land was lost due to the Treaty of Brest Litovsk?
32%
37
What percentage of Russia's factories was lost due to the Treaty of Brest Litovsk?
54%
38
What percentage of Russia's coal-mines was lost due to the Treaty of Brest Litovsk?
89%
39
True or False: Many Russians viewed the Treaty of Brest Litovsk as a shameful peace.
True
40
Fill in the blank: The communists aimed to create a more equal society by passing decrees that included declaring women ______ to men.
equal
41
What was required of peasants who had a surplus of grain during the Bolshevik regime?
They were forced to hand it over to the government
42
What was done to factories under Bolshevik control?
Factories were taken away from their owners and placed under the control of workers' committees
43
What was the maximum working week declared for factory workers?
48 hours
44
What happened to the money and jewellery in rich people's bank accounts?
They were taken by the state
45
What was required of rich people regarding their living arrangements?
They were forced to share their houses with poor families
46
List three important ways in which the Bolsheviks tried to create a more equal society in Russia.
* Declared women equal to men * Took factories under workers' control * Took land from the Tsar and landlords
47
List three reasons why some people would be angry about the communist system.
* Loss of property * Forced sharing of living spaces * Being forced into menial jobs
48
What was the reaction of ordinary Russians towards the rich and educated people who stayed after the revolution?
They were rude and hostile
49
What types of people were rounded up and forced to do menial jobs?
* Aristocrats * Factory directors * Lawyers * Artists * Priests * Teachers
50
What was the main reason for the Bolshevik diplomats to travel to Brest Litovsk in November 1917?
To begin peace talks with Germany ## Footnote This was in response to the desperate need for peace among the Russian people after the October Revolution.
51
What were the harsh demands made by the Germans during the peace talks?
The Germans made very harsh demands that led to significant territorial losses for Russia ## Footnote Lenin feared that failing to sign a treaty would result in German troops capturing Petrograd.
52
When was the Treaty of Brest Litovsk signed?
March 1918
53
What percentage of Russia's population was lost due to the Treaty of Brest Litovsk?
34%
54
What percentage of Russia's agricultural land was lost due to the Treaty of Brest Litovsk?
32%
55
What percentage of Russia's factories was lost due to the Treaty of Brest Litovsk?
54%
56
What percentage of Russia's coal-mines was lost due to the Treaty of Brest Litovsk?
89%
57
True or False: Many Russians viewed the Treaty of Brest Litovsk as a shameful peace.
True
58
Fill in the blank: The communists aimed to create a more equal society by passing decrees that included declaring women ______ to men.
equal
59
What was required of peasants who had a surplus of grain during the Bolshevik regime?
They were forced to hand it over to the government
60
What was done to factories under Bolshevik control?
Factories were taken away from their owners and placed under the control of workers' committees
61
What was the maximum working week declared for factory workers?
48 hours
62
What happened to the money and jewellery in rich people's bank accounts?
They were taken by the state
63
What was required of rich people regarding their living arrangements?
They were forced to share their houses with poor families
64
List three important ways in which the Bolsheviks tried to create a more equal society in Russia.
* Declared women equal to men * Took factories under workers' control * Took land from the Tsar and landlords
65
List three reasons why some people would be angry about the communist system.
* Loss of property * Forced sharing of living spaces * Being forced into menial jobs
66
What was the reaction of ordinary Russians towards the rich and educated people who stayed after the revolution?
They were rude and hostile
67
What types of people were rounded up and forced to do menial jobs?
* Aristocrats * Factory directors * Lawyers * Artists * Priests * Teachers
68
What happened to the Romanov family after the abdication of the Tsar in March 1917?
They were placed under house arrest.
69
Why did the Bolsheviks view the Romanov family as a problem?
They were a symbol of centuries of unfair government.
70
Where were the Romanovs moved to in early 1918?
They were moved to Ekaterinburg in the Ural mountains.
71
On what date did the murder of the Romanov family occur?
16 July 1918.
72
What were the Romanovs told to do before they were murdered?
They were told to move into the cellar.
73
What happened to the Romanov children during the execution?
Two of the children were still alive after the initial shooting and were finished off with bayonets and bullets.
74
How were the bodies of the Romanov family disposed of?
They were buried in the ground.
75
What did the soldiers pour on the faces of the dead family?
They poured sulphuric acid.
76
Who initially took the blame for the murder of the Romanovs?
The local Bolsheviks in Ekaterinburg.
77
Where did the orders to murder the Romanovs actually come from?
The communist leadership in Moscow.
78
What were the two opposing sides in the civil war that started in the summer of 1918?
The Reds (Communists) and the Whites (opponents of the new communist government).
79
Fill in the blank: The summer of 1918 saw the start of a terrible _______ in Russia.
civil war
80
What kind of propaganda did both sides produce during the civil war?
Propaganda posters.
81
True or False: The Romanov family had power while under house arrest.
False

***1.0 *** YEAR 9 HISTORY. (13 decks)

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