S,I,D,V

Question 1

What is the function of articular facets on vertebrae?

Answer 1

muscular attachments, restriction of movement

Question 2

What is the only vertebra that does not have a vertebral body?

Answer 2

C1

Question 3

What does C1 articulate with?

Answer 3

occipital condyle

Question 4

What ligament runs through the vertebral canal?

Answer 4

posterior longitudinal ligament

Question 5

What joint is at the same level as the commisures of the mouth?

Answer 5

atlantoccipital joint

Question 6

Is the spinal cord located in the sacrum?

Answer 6

No, it ends at L2

Question 7

What indicates myelomeningocele?

Answer 7

the cord and meninges are part of the outpocketing

Question 8

What can generally be said about the blood supply to the vertebral column?

Answer 8

It is regional.

thoracic vert: intercostal a, v
lumbar vert: lumbar segmental a, v

Question 9

What are the major branches of a lumbar segmental artery?

Answer 9

spinal branch
periosteal branch
equatorial branch
anterior vertebral canal branch
nutrient arteries

all anastomose!

Question 10

What innervates the meninges, periosteum, bone and ligaments of the vertebral column?

Answer 10

recurrent meningeal n.

Question 11

What arteries supply the spinal cord?

Answer 11

spinal arteries
redicular branches (has anterior + posterior roots)

Question 12

How many anterior and posterior spinal arteries are there?

Answer 12

one anterior spinal a.

two posterior spinal a.

Question 13

What is the venous drainage of the spinal cord?

Answer 13

two veins for every one artery

Question 14

Why is venous drainage and extradural fat important?

Answer 14

thermoregulation–neurons do not regenerate easily

Question 15

What is the action of the trapezius muscle?

Answer 15

elevate, depress, retract scapula

Question 16

What is the neurovascular supply to the trap?

Answer 16

accessory n. (CN XI)
C3, C4

transverse cervical vessels

Question 17

Where is the subtrapzial plexus located and what is it?

Answer 17

runs deep to the trap m.

superficial branch of transverse cervical artery, accessory nerve (CN XI)

Question 18

What is the action of the lat?

Answer 18

adducts, extends, and medially rotates humerus

Question 19

What is the neurovascular supply to the lat?

Answer 19

thoracodorsal n.

thoracodorsal vessels
intercostal vessels

Question 20

What is the action of the levator scapulae?

Answer 20

elevate scapula

Question 21

What is the neurovascular supply to levator scapulae?

Answer 21

C3 & C4
dorsal scapular n.

dorsal scapular vessels

Question 22

What is the action of the rhomboid group?

Answer 22

retract (adducts) and elevates scapula

Question 23

What is the neurovascular supply to rhomboid group?

Answer 23

dorsal scapular n.

dorsal scapular vessels.

Question 24

What vertebral levels does serratus posterior superior m. act on?

Answer 24

T2- T5

Question 25

What vertebral levels does serratus posterior inferior m. act on?

Answer 25

T9 - T12

Question 26

From lateral to medial, what are the three muscles of erector spinae?

Answer 26

Iliocostalis Longissimus Spinalis

Question 27

What is the action of splenius capitus m.?

Answer 27

bilaterally: draws head backward, extends neck unilaterally: rotate head ipsilaterally

Question 28

What is the action of the spenius cervicis?

Answer 28

bilaterally: extend neck (does NOT draw head back) unilaterally: rotate head ipsilaterally

Question 29

What is the innervation of the splenius capitus/cervicis?

Answer 29

posterior rami of the middle and lower cervical nn. | all deep muscles have same innervation

Question 30

What is the action of the semispinalis capitus?

Answer 30

bilaterally: extend vertebral column unilaterally: rotate trunk contralaterally

Question 31

What are the borders of the occipital triangle?

Answer 31

laterally: olbliquus capitus sup. medially/superiorly: rectus capitus major inferiorly: obliquus capitus inf.

Question 32

What is the contents of the occipital triangle?

Answer 32

vertebral artery | C1 nerve

Question 33

What modality is C1?

Answer 33

ALL MOTOR

Question 34

Which muscle does the greater occipital n. (C2) pierce?

Answer 34

semispinalis capitus m.

Question 35

What happens if you injure C1?

Answer 35

can't rotate your head very well bc obliquus capitus inf. will not work (main rotator of head) but you can still extend your head due to lots of other muscles

Question 36

What is the neurovascular supply to erector spinae m.?

Answer 36

dorsal rami of spinal nn. lumber/intercostal vessels

Question 37

What is the action of multifidus m.?

Answer 37

laterally flexes and rotates spine

Question 38

What is the neurovascular supply to multifidus m.?

Answer 38

dorsal rami of spinal nn. lumber/intercostal vessels

Question 39

What is the action of the rotatores m.?

Answer 39

unilaterally: rotate spine bilaterally: extend vertebral column

Question 40

What is the neurovascular supply to rotatores m.?

Answer 40

dorsal rami of spinal nn. lumber/intercostal vessels

Question 41

What are the minor deep muscles of the back?

Answer 41

interspinalis m. intertranservarius m. levatores costarum m.

Question 42

How are the superficial/intermediate muscles of the back innervated?

Answer 42

ventral rami

Question 43

How are the deep muscles of the back innervated?

Answer 43

dorsal rami

Question 44

Why is the midline a good place for an incision?

Answer 44

No cutaneous innervation crosses the midline

Question 45

What is the action of the serrates anterior m.?

Answer 45

protract scapula, holds to body wall

Question 46

What is the neurovascular supply of the serrates anterior m.?

Answer 46

long thoracic n. lateral thoracic vessels confusing--think loNg thoracic Nerve (both have n's)

Question 47

What are the boundaries of the triangle of auscultation?

Answer 47

superior: trap m. inferior: lat m. lateral: rhomboid major m. floor: 6th intercostal space

Question 48

What are the boundaries of the lumbar triangle?

Answer 48

medial: lat m. lateral: external oblique m. inferior: iliac crest floor: internal oblique m.