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S&T Current Affairs Flashcards

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1
Q

HPAI

A

Highly pathogenic avian influenza

Viral deisease

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2
Q

Threatened species from HPAI

A

Gulls, skuas, birds of prey like hawks, caracaras, terns, shorebirds.

Marine mammals(seals, sea lions)

It can spread to humans

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3
Q

Which country has second highest disease load of Viral hepatitis?

A

India after China. It accounted for 11.6% of total viral hepatitis disease disease in 2022.

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4
Q

What is hepatitis?

A

Inflammation of liver caused by infectious viruses and non-infectious agents

Type BNC are particularly significant as they often lead to chronic conditions and cause labour cirrhosis, liver, cancer, and deaths

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5
Q

Can hepatitis be transferred from mother to child?

A

Yes

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6
Q

Non-viral hepatitis

A

Alcohol, alcoholic, liver, disease, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD

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7
Q

Can hepatitis B be prevented using vaccination?

A

Yes

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8
Q

Which is the first country globally to introduce men, 5CV vaccine?

A

Nigeria

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9
Q

What is meant 5CB vaccine?

A

Vaccine endorsed by WHO, which protects against five strains of meningococous bacteria responsible for meningitis

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10
Q

What is meningitis

A

In flames, the brain and spinal cord membranes can lead to severe health issues, including brain, damage and hearing loss

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11
Q

Mention the Nigeria states where outbreak happened

A

Adamawa
Bauchi
Gombe
Jigawa
Katsina
Yobe
Zamfara

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12
Q

Africa map meningitis belt

A
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13
Q

Is meningitis viral or bacterial?

A

Both

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14
Q

How is meningitis transferred?

A

Can spread through sneezing and coughing

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15
Q

How does polio attack?

A

Viral disease that destroys the nerve cells present in spinal cord, causing paralysis or muscle weakness

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16
Q

How is polio virus transmitted?

A

Through the faecal oral root or contaminated water or food

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17
Q

In which body part does the virus grow?

A

Grows and multiplies in Intestine

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18
Q

Natural host of polio virus

A

Humans

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19
Q

Polio virus prevalent in Africa?

A

No

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20
Q

Who made the first successful vaccine for polio?

A

Salk, injectable, polio vaccine
Introduced into the muscle

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21
Q

How did sabin developed vaccine of polio?

A

Using live polio strains weekend by growing them in Macaque cells

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22
Q
A
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23
Q

Which is more risky, oral polio vaccine, or injected polio vaccine?

A

Oral because it uses live virus, hence the virus could revert and would do the very job. It was designed to prevent

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24
Q

One world TB summit

A

Varanasi

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25
SDG target for TB
90% reduction in TV deaths and 80% deduction and TB incidence by 2030 compared to 2015
26
Can tuberculosis spread from person to person through air?
Yes
27
What is pulmonary TB
Caused by bacterium microbacterium tuberculosis that involves the lungs, but may spread to other organs
28
What is extra pulmonary TB?
TB outside lung
29
EPTB examples
30
Multi drug resistant TB
Develops a resistance to antimicrobial drugs. It does not respond to at least isoniazid and rifampicin the two most powerful anti TB drugs.
31
What is extensively drug resistant TB?
Who are resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin plus any fluoroquinolones and at least one of the three in injectable, second line drugs like amikacin, kanamyciin, capreomycin
32
What is DIRECTLY OBSERVED THERAPY?
33
What is Ni-Kshay
Web enabled patient management system for TB control under national tuberculosis elimination programme
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What are IRP
35
What is Mpox
Viral zoonotic disease caused by Monkeypox virus First human case mpox in DRC
36
Transmission pf mpox
Human to human transmission of M poc occurs through direct contact with body fluids, lesions, sexual, contact, and face-to-face, contact and indirect contact with contaminated clothing or bedding
37
Treatment of Monkeypox
No specific treatment only supportive care
38
Genomic accorodians?
Expanding genome through gene duplication and mutation accumulation or contracting by deleting all deactivating jeans segments
39
Typhoid
Infectious disease caused by Salmonella typhi bacteria transmitted through contaminated food and water
40
Which test is used to diagnose typhoid?
Widal test rapid blood test It detect and quantifies the antibodies in the blood developed against the bacteria
41
New Covid variant
FLiRT
42
INSACOG
Indian SARS-CoV-2 Genomics Consortium Joint initiative by the union health ministry and Department of biotechnology with council for scientific and industrial research and Indian Council of medical research
43
What exactly is INSACOG
44
What causes malaria?
Plasmodium parasite Spreads through bite of infected female, Anopheles mosquito
45
How does plasmodium attack attacks?
Initially multiplies within live cells, and then attacks red blood cells resulting in their rupture
46
What is R21/Matrix-M malaria vaccine
Developed by university of Oxford and serum Institute of India, leveraging Novo wax’s adjuvant Technology
47
Akashteer system
Cutting-edge initiative designed to automate air defense control and reporting processes by digitizing the entire process
48
Akashteer system developed by
Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL),
49
which plane has air to air missiles
F-16 and F-35
49
Hawk Air defence
HAWK, short for ‘Homing All the Way Killer’ It is an American medium-range surface-to-air missile. The HAWK system was the predecessor to the PATRIOT missile defence system that Raytheon built in the 1990s..
49
What is patriot (MIM 104)
stands for Phased Array Tracking Radar for Intercept on Target, is the U.S. Army’s most advanced air defense system. It is an all-weather surface-to-air missile defence system to counter tactical ballistic missiles, cruise missiles, and advanced aircraft
49
what is VSHORADS Very Short-Range Air Defence System
VSHORADS is a Man Portable Air Defence System (MANPAD) designed and developed indigenously by DRDO’s Research Centre Imarat (RCI), Hyderabad in collaboration with other DRDO laboratories and Indian Industry Partners. It is meant for neutralizing low-altitude aerial threats at short ranges, is propelled by a dual thrust solid motor
49
HQ-9
by China It has a 200 km radar detection range with active radar-homing missiles and cold launch capability but a shorter detection range and fewer missile types compared to the S-400.
49
THAAD (Terminal High Altitude AIr Defense SYstem)
It has a 200 km radar detection range optimised to intercept intermediate-range missiles in the endo-atmospheric region but has a shorter detection range than the S-400 and limited targets, like missiles only.
50
S- 400 Triumf (SA-21 Growler)
A long-range surface-to-air missile (SAM) system, to counter advances in Western air defence systems like the MIM-104 Patriot. It was intended to replace the earlier S-200 and S-300 systems developed in the 1960s-1970s.
50
Iron Dome system
It has a detection and tracking radar to spot any incoming threats, a battle management and weapon control system (BMC), and a missile firing unit. It is capable of being used in all weather conditions, including during the day and night.
50
Arrow-3 missile defence system
The missile was jointly developed by Israel Aerospace Industries and the Missile Defence Agency in the US. ● It is an exo-atmospheric anti-ballistic missile defence system for long-range threat engagement. Initially deployed in 2017, Arrow-3 is the top layer of Israel's sophisticated air defence network. ● It is designed to take out ballistic missiles while they are still outside of the atmosphere
50
The David’s Sling (or Stunner)
Israel’s medium-range air defense system, which can intercept cruise missiles, ballistic missiles, and aircraft. With a range of 300 kilometers, it also has an advanced phased-array radar for easier detection
50
INS Vikrant?
Indegenous aircraft carrier
50
Iron dome
Israel’s indigenous short-range air defense system which can intercept rockets, artillery shells, and mortar bombs.
50
which two aircraft carriers showcased twin carrier operations
INS vikramditya and INS Vikrant
50
type of launch and recovery of aircraft in ins vikrant
STOBAR (short take off but arrested recovery)
50
China’s aircraft carriers
Liaoning Shadong Fujian
50
What is Kesler syndrome?
The theoretical concept where growth of space can lead to an escalating chain reaction of collisions
50
Aunty satellite mission of India
Mission Shakti
50
Aunty satellite mission of USA
Bold orion air launched
51
Aunty satellite missile of Russia
Nudol Mission
51
ASAT missile of china
SC-19
51
Mtarang shakti
First multimational air exercise Australia, france, germany, japan, spain, uae, uk, us Germany: A-400M transport aircraft
51
Red flag exercise
Air exercise in Alaska
51
iDeX ?
Innovations for Defence excellence Flagship initiative of Ministry of Defence was signed with Space Pixel technogies pvt ltd For design and development of a miniaturised satellite capable of carrying Electro optical infrared, synthetic capture radar and hyper petrol pills up to 150 kgs
51
Defence innovation organisation (DIO)
51
What about GE-414
Engine hai, ho sakta hai HAL ko isko banane ka license mil jaaye
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