S1B6 - Mouth & Tongue

Question 1

Geniohyoid muscles origin?

Answer 1

Question 2

What is the function and location of the different taste buds of the tongue?

Answer 2

Only fungiform, vallate, and foliate papillae are actually involved in taste sensation. Filiform papillae exist as mechanical ridges, designed to aid in scraping or shearing food (ie they are analogous to the roughness of a cat’s tongue).

• Fungiform papillae — mushroom shaped and reside on the dorsal and lateral surfaces; distinguish all 5 tastes
• Vallate papillae — reside on the posterior region of the tongue and are few in number
• Foliate papillae — distinguish taste and resides on the posterior and lateral tongue
• Filiform papillae — cannot taste and are the most numerous of the papillae

Question 3

Name the intrinsic muscles of the tongue from superior to inferior.

Answer 3

Question 4

What are the five main structural features of teeth?

Answer 4

Question 5

What structure roots the inferior surface of the tongue into the floor of the mouth?

Answer 5

The inferior surface of the tongue is connected to the floor of the mouth by a mid-line fold called the lingual frenulum.

Question 6

Hyoglossus insertion?

Answer 6

Question 7

What are the lateral, anterior, superior, and inferior boundaries of the oral cavity?

Answer 7

Boundaries: cheeks (lateral wall), lips (anterior), palate (roof), and mucosa of floor of mouth (floor).

Question 8

Tongue motor innervation?

Answer 8

Question 9

Styloglossus insertion?

Answer 9

Question 10

What nerve innervates the muscles of the tongue? Are there any exceptions?

Answer 10

Question 11

Which region of the tongue contains taste buds?

Answer 11

The superior surface of the tongue is covered by specialized epithelial structures called taste buds. These include the fungiform papillae anteriorly, vallate papillae posteriorly, and foliate papillae laterally.

Question 12

Styloglossus action?

Answer 12

Question 13

Which muscle of the tongue ans soft palate underlies the palatoglossus arch?

Answer 13

Question 14

What sensation does the glossopharyngeal nerve provide for the tongue? For which regions?

Answer 14

The glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) provides general sensation and taste sensation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue.

Question 15

Buccal side of lower teeth gingivae innervation?

Answer 15

Question 16

Lingual side of lower teeth gingivae?

Answer 16

Question 17

What are the 4 types of papillae of the tongue?

Answer 17

Question 18

The gingivae associated with the lower teeth are derived from branches of which nerve?

Answer 18

Question 19

What are the depressions between median and lateral glossoepiglottic folds called?

Answer 19

Question 20

What is the name of the specialized oral mucosa surrounding the teeth and alveolar processes?

Answer 20

Question 21

The gingivae associated with the upper teeth are innervated by branches of what nerve?

Answer 21

Question 22

What other things does the lingual artery supply besides the tongue?

Answer 22

Question 23

What cartiolaginous structure is located in the roof of the oral cavity?

Answer 23

Question 24

What is the most common site of ectopic thyroid tissue?

Answer 24

Clinical Correlate: The foramen cecum is the most common site of ectopic thyroid tissue due to a failed descent of the developing thyroid gland into the thyroglossal duct.

Question 25

What are the two subdivisions of the oral cavity?

Answer 25

Question 26

Secretions of which salivary gland are emptied into the oral cavity by Wharton’s duct?

Answer 26

The submandibular glands are **mixed** serous and mucinous glands (with a serous predomination) which empty their secretions into the oral cavity via **Wharton’s duct**, opens lateral to the base of the lingual frenulum. They are innervated by parasympathetic fibers of the chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve (CN VII).

Question 27

Palatal side of upper teeth gingivae innervation?

Answer 27

Question 28

What are the three main layers of teeth?

Answer 28

Question 29

Where does most of the arterial supply of the tongue come from?

Answer 29

Question 30

What four nerves (specific branches) transmit sensory innervation from the tongue?

Answer 30

Sensory innervation to the tongue is provided by four nerves: * **Lingual nerve** * **Chorda tympani** * **Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)** * **Internal laryngeal nerve**

Question 31

What is the name of the oral cavity landmark located lateral to the 2nd upper molar?

Answer 31

Question 32

Hyoglossus innervation?

Answer 32

all innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (XII) except for the palatoglossus – vagus: CNX

Question 33

The submandibular and sublingual salivary glands receive innervation from which parasympathetic ganglion?

Answer 33

Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the **submandibular ganglion** ultimately innervate the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands.

Question 34

Genioglossus insertion?

Answer 34

Question 35

What are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 35

The **intrinsic muscles of the tongue** are a set of skeletal muscles which attach and insert within the tongue. They are composed of the **superior longitudinal, inferior longitudinal, transverse and vertical muscles**. Innervation is supplied by the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII).

Question 36

Mylohyoid muscles actions?

Answer 36

Question 37

Geniohyoid muscles innervation?

Answer 37

Question 38

Which nerve provides sensation to the epiglottic region of the tongue and epiglottis?

Answer 38

The **internal laryngeal nerve** is a **branch of the vagus nerve** (CN X). It relays general somatic afferent (general sensation) information and special visceral afferent **(taste) sensation from the epiglottis** and epiglottic region of the tongue.

Question 39

Palatoglossus origin?

Answer 39

Question 40

Styloglossus origin?

Answer 40

Question 41

Anterior 2/3 of the tongue sensory innervation?

Answer 41

Question 42

Styloglossus innervation?

Answer 42

Question 43

Mylohyoid muscles insertion?

Answer 43

Question 44

What are the muscles of the floor of the oral cavity?

Answer 44

Question 45

Where do the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers that eventually go to the salivary glands originate?

Answer 45

Question 46

How many of each kind of deciduous teeth are there? What is the eruption schedule?

Answer 46

Question 47

Genioglossus action?

Answer 47

Question 48

Palatoglossus insertion?

Answer 48

Question 49

What oral cavity landmark is located in the oral vestibule where the upper lip meets the ginviva anteriosuperior to the incisors?

Answer 49

Question 50

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 50

The extrinsic muscles of the tongue are a set of four skeletal muscles that originate outside of the tongue and attach to it. They function to move the tongue and include the: * **Genioglossus** * **Hyoglossus** * **Styloglossus** * **Palatoglossus**

Question 51

Buccinator origin?

Answer 51

Question 52

Posterior 1/3 of the tongue taste innervation?

Answer 52

Question 53

What attaches the roots of teeth to the sockets of the alveoli?

Answer 53

Question 54

Genioglossus innervation?

Answer 54

(all innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (XII) except for the palatoglossus – vagus: CNX)

Question 55

What major salivary glands open into the floor of the mouth?

Answer 55

The floor of the mouth contains duct openings from two major groups of salivary glands, the **sublingual glands** and the **submandibular glands**.

Question 56

Tongue area by valleculae taste innervation?

Answer 56

Question 57

Which tongue muscle blends with the hyoglossus and intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 57

Question 58

Describe the venous drainage of the tongue.

Answer 58

Question 59

What are the three parts of the tongue?

Answer 59

Question 60

The most posterior part including the valleculae tongue sensory innervation?

Answer 60

Question 61

What muscle separates the deep and superficial parts of the submandibular gland?

Answer 61

Question 62

What are the anterior and posterior openings of the oral cavity?

Answer 62

**Mouth – the Oral cavity** is inferior to the nasal cavity. Opens anteriorly to the **oral fissure** to posteriorly to the **oropharyngeal isthmus**

Question 63

Which type of tongue papillae are reddish, on side and tip of tongue contain taste buds?

Answer 63

Question 64

Mylohyoid muscles origin?

Answer 64

Question 65

What type of tongue papillae are the following: 10-12 in front of sulcus terminalis, have numerous taste buds?

Answer 65

Question 66

What gland has a superficial part in the submandibular triangle and a deep part in the floor of the mouth?

Answer 66

Question 67

What tongue muscle does the lingual artery run deep to?

Answer 67

Question 68

Palatoglossus innervation?

Answer 68

Question 69

Where are the lingual tonsils located?

Answer 69

Question 70

Genioglossus origin?

Answer 70

Question 71

Hyoglossus action?

Answer 71

Question 72

How many of each kind of permanent teeth are there? What is the eruption schedule?

Answer 72

Question 73

What type of tongue papillae are found on lateral margins of the tongue?

Answer 73

Question 74

Where do the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers that go to the salivary glands synapse?

Answer 74

Question 75

Geniohyoid muscles location?

Answer 75

Question 76

Mylohyoid muscles innervation?

Answer 76

Question 77

Anterior 2/3 of the tongue taste innervation?

Answer 77

Question 78

Where is the frenulum of the tongue located?

Answer 78

Question 79

What bones make up the floor of the oral cavity?

Answer 79

Question 80

Where on the tongue is the foramen cecum located?

Answer 80

The foramen cecum is a depression found **posteriorly on the dorsal surface of the tongue.** It is the origin of the thyroid gland and the obliterated opening of the thyroglossal duct.

Question 81

Buccinator innervation?

Answer 81

Question 82

Submandibular duct course?

Answer 82

Question 83

What is the function of the lingual nerve?

Answer 83

The **lingual nerve** is a branch of the mandibular nerve (CN V3). It relays general somatic afferent (GSA) **sensory information from the anterior two thirds of the tongue**.

Question 84

Palatoglossus action?

Answer 84

Question 85

How many deciduous teeth are there?

Answer 85

20

Question 86

Hyoglossus origin?

Answer 86

Question 87

What muscles are in the walls of the oral cavity?

Answer 87

Question 88

Geniohyoid muscles actions?

Answer 88

Question 89

Which type of papillae are numerous, whitish, and do not have tastebuds?

Answer 89

Question 90

Where do the sublingual ducts empty?

Answer 90

Question 91

What nerve loops under the submandibular duct?

Answer 91

Question 92

Buccal side of upper teeth gingivae innervation?

Answer 92

(looks like the handout has the order wrong)

Question 93

What's the name of the pit at apex of sulcus terminalis, embryological remnant for opening of thyroglossal duct?

Answer 93

Question 94

What are the functions of the chorda tympani nerve?

Answer 94

The **chorda tympani** is branch of the facial nerve (CN VII) and carries **parasympathetic fibers to the submandibular ganglion**, as well as relays special visceral afferent (SVA) sensation **(taste) from the anterior two thirds of the tongue.** Note: The preganglionic fibers traveling via the chorda typani that synapse at the submandibular ganglion arise from the superior salivary nucleus in the pons.

Question 95

Describe the course of the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers that eventually go to the salivary glands from the origin to the ganglion.

Answer 95

Question 96

Posterior 1/3 of the tongue sensory innervation?

Answer 96

Question 97

Geniohyoid muscles insertion?

Answer 97

Question 98

How many permanent teeth are there?

Answer 98

32

Question 99

What glands lie in the floor of the mouth between the mandible and the genioglossus muscles?

Answer 99

Question 100

What secretions are produced by the sublingual glands?

Answer 100

The sublingual glands are the smallest and most deeply situated salivary glands. They are **mixed serous and mucinous** glands (with a mucinous predomination) and are innervated by parasympathetic fibers of the chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve (CN VII).

Question 101

What's the name of the V-shaped sulcus separating tongue into anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3?

Answer 101

Sulcus terminalis

Question 102

What bones are included in the roof of the oral cavity?

Answer 102