S1B6 - Nose, Pterygopalatine fossa, etc.

Question 1

What branches of the internal carotid artery help supply the nasal cavity?

Answer 1

Question 2

What are the branches of the external carotid artery that help supply the nasal cavity?

Answer 2

Question 3

Answer 3

Question 4

What nerves innervate the external nose and where?

Answer 4

Question 5

Answer 5

Question 6

Where in the nasal cavity does the sphenoidal sinus open into it?

Answer 6

Question 7

Where in the nasal cavity does the maxillary sinus drain?

Answer 7

Question 8

Why does any infection of the nasal mucosa have the potential to spread to the cavernous sinus?

Answer 8

Question 9

What oppthalmic nerves innervate the nasal cavity and where?

Answer 9

Ophthalmic innervation includes:

• Posterior ethmoidal nerve innervating the mucosa around the sphenoidal recess
• Anterior ethmoidal nerve innervating the anterosuperior portion of the nasal cavity, this nerve radiates over most of the anterior portion of the septum as the internal nasal nerve.

Question 10

Which nasal meatus does the nasolacrimal duct drain into?

Answer 10

Question 11

What is the cribriform plate a conduit for?

Answer 11

Question 12

What artery originates in the orbit from the ophthalmic artery, then passes through the anterior ethmoidal foramen to perfuse the middle and anterior ethmoidal air cells?

Answer 12

Question 13

What does the shpenopalatine artery go through to enter the nasal cavity?

Answer 13

Question 14

Where does the sphenoidal sinus drain to?

Answer 14

Drains into the sphenoethmoidal recess

Question 15

What artery passes into the anterior cranial fossa, then enters the nasal cavity via the nasal slit, then courses along the anterior boundary of the roof of the nose, passing inferior to the frontal sinus, the nasal bone, and the bridge of the nose?

Answer 15

Question 16

What bones are involved in the sphenopalatine foramen?

Answer 16

Question 17

Where in the nasal cavity do the posterior ethmoidal air cells open into?

Answer 17

Question 18

Name the 4 paranasal sinuses.

Answer 18

The paranasal sinuses are composed of 4 mucosal lined spaces found within their respective bones. They are:

• Frontal sinuses
• Ethmoidal sinuses
• Sphenoid sinus
• Maxillary sinuses

Question 19

Answer 19

Question 20

What bones make up the floor of the nasal cavity?

Answer 20

Question 21

What artery medially perfuses the superior portion of the nasal septum, and laterally perfuses the anterior ends of the middle and inferior conchae, as well as the superior and inferior meatal mucosa, before terminating as the external nasal branch?

Answer 21

Question 22

Which nasal meatus do the middle ethmoidal air cells drain into and what do they drain into it as?

Answer 22

Question 23

What maxillary nerves innervate the nasal cavity and where?

Answer 23

Question 24

What structures make up the inferior portion of the external nose?

Answer 24

Question 25

Answer 25

Question 26

Describe the autonomic innervation of the nose and nasal cavity.

Answer 26

Question 27

What artery passes into the anterior cranial fossa, then enters the nasal cavity via the cribriform plate, then perfuses the sphenoethmoidal recess and the corresponding (posterosuperior) portion of the septum?

Answer 27

Question 28

What is the sphenopalatine foramen a conduit for?

Answer 28

Question 29

What structures make up the roof of the nasal cavity?

Answer 29

Question 30

Where do contents of the frontal sinus drain? Through what duct do they drain?

Answer 30

The frontal sinus drains to the **ethmoidal infundibulum** via the **frontonasal duct** which opens into the nasal cavity through the **semilunar hiatus**.

Question 31

What is the name for the portion of the lateral wall between the superior concha and the roof of the nasal cavity?

Answer 31

sphenoethmoidal recess

Question 32

Answer 32

Question 33

What artery supplies a large portion of the posterolateral wall of the nasal cavity and covers the inferior and middle conchae and all three meatal spaces?

Answer 33

Question 34

Answer 34

Question 35

What are the three overlapping patterns of venous drainage of the nasal cavity?

Answer 35

Question 36

What is the incisive canal a conduit for?

Answer 36

Question 37

What arteries are part of Kiesselbach's are (plexus)?

Answer 37

Question 38

What part of the nasal cavity contains the afferent limb of cranial nerve 1?

Answer 38

The walls of the nasal cavity are lined with respiratory epithelium. The **superior border of the nasal septum (roof)** also contains the olfactory epithelium, which is the afferent limb of the 1st cranial nerve. Signals from the olfactory epithelium enter the brain through the cribiform plate of the ethmoid. Clinical Correlate: Traumatic injuries (such as a car accident) are a common way in which olfactory nerve function is compromised. In the context of trauma, the small fibers passing through the cribiform plate can be cut and a loss of the sense of smell (anosmia) results.

Question 39

Describe the drainage of the maxillary sinuses.

Answer 39

Question 40

What artery arches under the posterior portion of the nasal roof to reach the nasal septum, then courses roughly parallel to the superior surface of the vomer?

Answer 40

Question 41

Where are the ethmoidal sinuses located?

Answer 41

Ethmoidal cells (sinuses) are located in the ethmoid bone lateral to the nasal cavity and medial to the orbit.

Question 42

What structures make up the anterior portion of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

Answer 42

Question 43

Answer 43

Question 44

Describe the drainage of the frontal paranasal sinus.

Answer 44

Question 45

Answer 45

Question 46

Answer 46

Question 47

Describe the drainage of the sphenoidal sinuses.

Answer 47

Question 48

Answer 48

Question 49

What is the nasal slit a conduit for?

Answer 49

Question 50

What branch of the facial artery contributes to the blood supply of the external nose before sending an alar branch around the lateral edge of the nares to supply the vetibule?

Answer 50

Question 51

What named plexus of arteries is a frequent site of epistaxis (nose bleeds)? What 4 arteries make up this plexus?

Answer 51

**Clinical Correlate:** **Kiesselbach’s plexus** is a frequent site of nose bleeds. It is located in the anterior/inferior quadrant of the nasal septum, and is comprised of the following 4 arteries: * **Anterior ethmoidal** artery * **Sphenopalatine artery**: a terminal branch of the maxillary artery that passes through the sphenopalatine foramen to enter the nasal cavity * **Superior labial** artery * **Greater palatine** artery

Question 52

What structures form the medial wall of the nasal cavity?

Answer 52

Question 53

Into what structure does the maxillary sinus normally drain?

Answer 53

The contents of the maxillary sinus drain into the **nasal cavity** via the semilunar hiatus. Because this opening is found superiorly within the sinus (meaning the contents drain against the force of gravity), the maxillary sinus is particularly prone to infection.

Question 54

What are the foramina of the palatine canal conduits for?

Answer 54

Question 55

What artery supplies the hard palate and then courses superiorly through the incisive canal to anastomose with the posterior septal branch of the sphenopalatine artery?

Answer 55

Question 56

What nerves innervate the mucosa of the maxillary sinuses?

Answer 56

Question 57

How is the innervation of the nasal cavity divided?

Answer 57

Question 58

What artery originated in the orbit from the ophthalmic artery, then passes through the posterior ethmoidal foramen to perfuse the posterior ethmoidal air cells?

Answer 58

Question 59

Which nasal meatus do the andterior ethmoidal air cells open into, and what do they typacally open through?

Answer 59

Question 60

What artery is a terminal branch of the maxillary artery and is the largest vessel supplying the nasal canal?

Answer 60

Question 61

What is found on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity? What is the function of these structures?

Answer 61

Lateral Wall: formed by superior, middle and inferior nasal conchae. Conchae are bony processes that warm and humidify air during inhalation.

Question 62

What spaces does the ethmoidal infundibulum connect?

Answer 62

Question 63

What bones contribute to the formation of the superior portion of the external nose?

Answer 63

Question 64

Answer 64

Question 65

What artery anastamoses with the greater palatine artery in the incisive foramen?

Answer 65

Question 66

What are the branches of the sphenopalatine artery?

Answer 66

Question 67

Describe the drainage of the ethmoidal air cells.

Answer 67

Question 68

What artery branches off the facial artery near the cornjer of the mouth, supplies the lip then sends branches to the anterior nasal septum and lateral portion of the nares?

Answer 68