S2 Grammar Flashcards

(143 cards)

1
Q

普通形+だけで(は)なく/じゃなく〜

A

not only ~

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2
Q

このようにして、この国の経済は発展してきたわけです。

A

Basically, this is the way that this country’s economy has developed. (basic summary, conclusion)

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3
Q

彼女の父親は私の母の弟だ。つまり彼女と私はいとこ同士なわけだ。

要するに、手伝ってできないわけね。

A

Her father is my mother’s younger brother. In other words, she and I are cousins. (conclusion based on facts, situation)

So in other words, you can’t help me, right?

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4
Q

誰でも失敗することはあるわけだから、人の失敗を笑うべきではない

A

(Because) everyone fails, you shouldn’t laugh at other’s failures. (reasoning based on common sense)

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5
Q

道理で今日は暑かったわけだ。最高気温が37度まで上がったそうだから。

A

No wonder it was hot today. The maximum temperature is said to have risen to 37 degrees. (coming to a realisation)

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6
Q

〜わけではない

A

That’s not it/it’s not because ~

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7
Q

辞書形+わけがない

A

There’s no way ~ (denial)

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8
Q

〜ないわけがない

A

There’s no way ~ wouldn’t ~

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9
Q

Vるわけにはいかない

A

No way I can [do something] (because common sense, society, morals, mental reasons)

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10
Q

Vないわけにはいかない

A

No way I can’t [do something]

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11
Q

わけ

A

noun: meaning, situation, reason, contents

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12
Q

わけ(も)ない

A

too easy, shouldn’t be a problem, no problem

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13
Q

わけもなく+文

A

for no reason, without a reason ~

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14
Q

X(Vる/Nの)たびにY

A

When X does V/N, Y always happens
(Y can’t be negative form, 〜ません form)

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15
Q

ミラーさんの日本語は聞くたびに上達している。

A

Mira’s Japanese improves every time I hear it (Y changes/develops every time X is repeated)

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16
Q

AというようにB

「時は金なり」というように、時間はとても大切です。

A

Explain B using A

As in “time is money”, time is very important.

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17
Q

V(/ます/)がち

A

tendency to ~, often ~, common ~, ~ happens a lot

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18
Q

〜なりに/〜なりの

人はそれぞれ、その人なりの生活スタイルがある。

A

in ~’s way

Everyone has their own way of living.

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19
Q

YならYなりに/なりの

若いなら若いなりにやってみればいい。

A

If you’re Y, you must/should ~ to be like Y

If you’re young, you should try to be young.

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20
Q

〜つもりだ

健康には十分注意しているつもりでしたが、健康診断で問題が見つかりました。

A

I believe, think ~ [despite the truth/reality]

I thought I paid a lot of attention to my health, but found out a lot of problems after a health check.

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21
Q

Vた/Nのつもりで

このロールプレイでは、小さい子供になったつもりで話してみてください。

A

[do something] as if ~ [in your head]

For this role, please speak as if you were a child.

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22
Q

いよいよ

A

finally

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23
Q

Nの・Vた/る かいがある/ない

A

N/V is worth/not worth

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24
Q

V(/ます/)がい

やりがい、読みがい、生きがい

A

worth ~ [action]

worth doing, worth reading, worth living

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25
〜普通形+ということだ じゃ、脈がないということだね。
what I/they want to say is ~ (main point, conclusion, interpretation) So, *basically* I'm being rejected.
26
募集の締め切りは9月末ということです。
heard that ~ *I heard that* the deadline for applications is the end of September.
27
〜というふうに 彼女は信じられないというふうに頭を振った。
In a way such that ~ (to elaborate on something, further explain it, similar to というように, but can't be used for quotes) She shook her head *in (a way that shows)* disbelief.
28
V(/ます/)うる/える/えない(得る/得ない) 事故はどんなに注意していても起こりうる。
can/can't (there's possibility of something, or that something can/can't be done) No matter how much you try to be careful, accidents *can* happen.
29
X普通形+からといってY アメリカ住んでいたからといって、英語が上手だとは限らない。
just because X, doesn't necessarily mean Y *Just because* I lived in America, *doesn't mean* that I'm good at English.
30
X普通形+からといってY 寒いからと言って窓を全部閉めて寝るのはよくない。
don't do Y/Y isn't good, simply because X *Simply because* it's cold, it's not good to close all the windows when you sleep.
31
X。だからといって、Y。 確かに魚は健康にいい。しかし、だからと言って、魚ばかり食べていたら、体によくない。
X. Even so, Y Fish is indeed healthy. *Even so*, if you eat too much fish, it's not good for your body.
32
X(普通形)とは限らない お金が幸福をもたらすとは限らない。
not necessarily/always/only X Money *doesn't necessarily* bring happiness.
33
Xないとも限らない このまま環境破壊が続くと、人類が絶滅しないとも限らない。
there is a chance/risk of X (despite the low probability) If we continue to destroy the environment, *there's a chance that* humanity is destroyed.
34
〜かの如(し)く/き〜 (かのように(written)) 彼は出ていけというかの如き目で僕を見た。
as if ~ (の如き for nouns, の如くfor verbs/adverbs) He looked at me *as if* to tell me to get out.
35
Xを問わず〜 この奨学金は国籍を問わず、誰でも申し込むことができる
regardless of X ~ Anyone can apply for this scholarship, *regardless of* nationality.
36
単なるN 単なる風邪だから安心してください。
it's just N, that's all (nothing serious/important) *It's just* a cold, don't worry.
37
単に〜 作文では単に事実を書くだけではなく、あなたの意見も述べなさい。
just ~ Don't *just* write the facts in your composition, describe your own opinions too.
38
Nでしかない どんなに高価なダイヤも、磨かれる前はただの石でしかない。
it's just, simply N (emphasis that N is not really that good/important) No matter how expensive the diamond, before polishing they were *simply nothing but* rocks.
39
X。むしろY。 人生で大切なのは必ずしも結果ではない。むしろ、何をしたかという過程である。
X. Rather, Y (comparing 2 things, then saying which one is more important/suitable/better) It's not the result that matters in life. *Rather*, it's the process of what you did.
40
Xより むしろY 彼女は美人と言うよりむしろ可愛いという感じだ。
Y rather than X She is more cute *rather* than beautiful.
41
Vるぐらい/くらいなら、むしろY 好きでもない人と結婚するくらいなら、むしろ一生独身でいたい。
I'd rather Y if I had to [V] *I'd rather* be alone forever if I had to marry someone I don't like.
42
やがて 彼はやがて来るはずです。
soon, in a short while (within a short time, with emphasis) He should come *soon*.
43
やがて 私がアメリカに来てからやがて一年になる。
soon, almost (counting from X time will be approximately ~) It will *soon* be a year since I've come to America.
44
やがて 根気よく話せばやがて彼もわかってくれるでしょう。
soon, eventually (in the end) He will *soon/eventually* understand if you talk to him patiently.
45
たまたま たまたま時間つぶしに入った本屋で、ずっと探していた本を見つけた。
by chance, just so happened to ~ When I went into the bookstore to kill time, I *just so happened to* find the book I've been looking for for a long time.
46
XおかげでY 先生のおかげで合格できた。
thanks to/with credit to ~ (positive outcome) I was able to pass *thanks to* my teacher.
47
XせいでY 最近運動不足のせいで体重が増えた。
no thanks to/due to ~ (negative outcome) I recently gained weight *due to* a lack to exercise.
48
とかく セールに行くと、とかく要らないものまで買ってしまいがちだ。
tend to/usually ~ (when speaker thinks that it's not a good tendency) When there's a sale, we *tend* to buy things we don't even need
49
XともかくY 味はともかく雰囲気のいいレストランです。
X doesn't matter/anyways, Y The taste of this restaurant *doesn't really matter*, the atmosphere is great.
50
X、ともかくY 時間はともかく、まず場所を決めましょう。
X is important, but Y is the most important (first priority) I get that we need to the time, but deciding the place *is more important*.
51
X(普通形)とはいえ、Y 12 月になったとはいえ、まだときどき暑い日もある。
X is true, but Y [also is] *Even though* it's December, there are still some hot days.
52
X。ちなみに、Y 今年の新入生は去年に比べて20人少ないです。ちなみに去年の新入生の数は60人でした。
X. By the way/As side note, Y There are 20 fewer new students this year than last year. *By the way*, there were 60 new students last year.
53
しかも この店の野菜は新鮮だ。しかも安い。
what's more/moreover ~ This shop's vegetables are fresh. *What's more*, it's cheap.
54
したがって(従って) 日本は火山が多い。したがって温泉も多い。
therefore/as a result Japan has a lot of volcanoes. *As such*, there are a lot of hot springs.
55
X + V(辞書形)/N につれて Y 暗くなるにつれて、気温も下がってきた。
as X goes through V/N changes, Y changes too (along with X) *As it* gets dark, the temperature goes down *along with it*.
56
V(/ます/)+かねない あいつはどんなばかなことでもやりかねない。
could/might just do V He *might just* do anything stupid.
57
V(/ます/)+かねる このような仕事はお引き受けしかねます。
can't do/difficult to do V (due to psychological reasons) He *can't* take this job. (maybe because it's morally incorrect)
58
もっともな あんなことを言われたのだから、あの人が怒るのももっともだ。
reasonable, understandable After saying that, *it's no surprise* that that persons is angry.
59
最も 問題の答えとして、最も良いものに○をつけなさい。
the most, best To answer this question, please the *most correct* answer.
60
もっとも 彼は若いころバスケットボールの選手だった。もっともいつも補欠だったが。
although (used to correct. The thing is right, but needs more context/details) He was part of the basketball team when he was young. *Although*, he was just a reserve.
61
〜の無理(は)ない 昨日徹夜でレポートを書いたというから、疲れているのも無理ないよ。
no wonder/surprise ~ After doing an all-nighter writing a report yesterday, *it's no surprise* that she's tired today.
62
〜だって/〜たって
spoken ver. of 〜でも/〜ても
63
~とみられる 台所付近が火元とみられる火事で3人が亡くなった。
is considered to ~/seem to ~ (when a cause/reason is guessed, often found in formal reports/articles) 3 people died in a fire *which is considered* to have started in the kitchen area.
64
~か どうか/~か~ かは別として 将来役 に立つかどうか は別として、学生時代にいろいろ勉強したほうがいい。
regardless of whether or not ~ *Regardless of whether* it's useful in the future or not, it's good to study when you're a student.
65
Vない形+ ぬ (〜ず、〜ぬ、〜ねばならぬ)
Ancient ver. of ない 〜ず=〜ないで 〜ぬ=〜ない 〜ね(ばならぬ)=〜なければならない
66
やむをえず 思わぬ病気になってしまい、やむをえずやめた。
no choice but to ~ I had *no choice but to* quit because I got sick unexpectedly.
67
V ずにはいられない この本は読み始めたら面白くて終わりまで読むずにはいられない 。
can't help but ~ The book I started reading was so interesting, I *couldn't help but* read it to the end.
68
〜まま 彼に先月ノートを貸すままで、まだ返してもらっていない。
(state unchanged) I lent him my notebook last month and still haven't gotten it back yet.
69
心の感じるまま に 感想 を言ってみましょう。
(following a state) Let's express our thoughts as our hearts feel.
70
たまらない 赤ちゃんが たまらなくかわいい。
can't take/hold it anymore The baby is *irresistibly* cute
71
~てはたまらない こんなに たくさん 宿題を出されてはたまりません 。
can't take/hold it anymore (when frustrated, annoyed by something) I can't stand being given so much homework.
72
なんとなく
somehow, for some reason
73
もともと 彼はもともとおとなしい性格だったが、留学して から 社交的 な人に 変わった 。
originally, used to be He *used to be* a quiet person, but after studying abroad, he changed to a sociable person.
74
もともと 彼女は怒っているのではなく、もともとああいう顔なのです。
from the beginning ~ It's not that she's angry, she's always looked like that (*from the beginning*).
75
V る 一方だ ダイエットしても太る一方でほんとうに困っている。
~ continually increasing/decreasing change will continue going ~ direction (usually for negative) I'm worried, I *keep* getting fat even though I'm on a diet.
76
Yは別として ドリアン別として果物が好きだ。
other than Y *Apart from* durian, I like fruits.
77
〜というものではない 作文は長ればいいというものではない。
doesn't mean that/is not necessarily ~ A good writing *is not necessarily* long.
78
つい まだ 読んでい ない本が何冊もあるのに、本屋に行くと面白そうな本をつい買ってしまう。
did without intention, accidentally, force of habit, losing control Even though there are many books I haven't read yet, when I go to a bookstore, *I end up* buying books that look interesting.
79
Xながら(も) 自分の本を持っていながら、人から借りるなんて、どういうつもりでしょう。
even though, despite Borrowing a book from someone *despite* having your own, what are you trying to do?
80
Nに恵まれる/恵む(めぐむ) 良い友達に恵まれる。
blessed with N I'm *blessed with* good friends.
81
せっかく~ のだから /のだったら せっかくここまで努力したんだから、最後までやり通しましょう。
we've come all this way, don't waste this opportunity You've worked hard *to get this far, so let's stick to it until the end*.
82
せっかく~のに/が/けど せっかく作ったプラモデルが壊れてしまった。
even though I came all this way/worked so hard (....was not achieved, fulfilled, etc.) The plastic model *I took so long to* make was broken.
83
Vずじまい せっかく買ったダウンコートは今年は暖冬で 使わずじまいだった。
that things ended without what you expected or hoped for I didn't use the down coat I bought (*with my hard earned money*) because of the mild winter this year.
84
いったい
why/how/what/where/who/when exactly ~ (adds strength/emotion to interrogative words)
85
いったい全体
stronger ver. of いったい
86
さっぱり ~ない もう秋なのにさっぱり涼しくならない。
can't ~ at all Even though it's already autumn, it *doesn't* get cold *at all*.
87
AからBにかけて 香港は秋から冬にかけて晴れ から冬にかけて晴れる日が多い。 奈良から京都にかけて見物した。
from ~ to ~ (an approximate range) In Hong Kong, there are many sunny days in autumn and winter, and sunny days in winter. I visited from Nara to Kyoto. * doesn't work for specifics, eg: from 3-5pm
88
~ものだ(spoken~もんだ) 両親が元気なうちに一度は海外旅行に連れて行きたいものだ。
When you say something with a feeling of admiration or disgust. I want to take my parents on an overseas trip once while they are still healthy.
89
Vる・Vない・~い・~な+ものだ 試験というのは何回受けても緊張するものだ。
~ tend to/not to V used to describe a general tendency, the nature of things, etc. with emotion Exams *tend to make me* nervous no matter how many times I take them.
90
Vる・Vない+ものだ/ではない 目上の人には、敬語を使うものだ。
to/to not V is ~ Common knowledge *Speaking in keigo is* for superiors.
91
Vるまい この辛さは他人にはわかるまい。
Don't/won't V まい (for all applications) is generally a strong written expression. Other people won't understand how hard it is.
92
Vるまい 見るまいと思っても、ついて見てしまう。
Don't want to V Even if you *don't want to* see it, you will.
93
V(よ)うが~まいが~ / V(よ)うと~まいと 彼が彼女と結婚しようがしまいが、私には関係ないことです。
N/V doesn't matter to me The result is the same whether or not you V", or It means "It has nothing to do with N''. *It doesn't matter to me* whether he marries her or not.
94
N/Vて まで だんだん暗くなってきたのに捜している店は見つからない。その上、雨まで降ってきた。
Even N/V Expressing a feeling of surprise at the fact that something has reached a range or degree that is normally unimaginable It's getting darker and darker, but I can't find the store I'm looking for. On top of that, it *even* rained.
95
Vるまで(のこと)もない この程度の英語なら、辞書を使うまでもなく読めるはずだ。
without V It's not a big deal, so it means you don't need to go out of your way to V. With this level of English, you should be able to read it *without* using a dictionary.
96
大したN フランス語を1年勉強しただけであれだけ話せるんだから、大したものだ。
Big N Unusual, makes one shocked, impressed It's a *big deal* to be able to speak so much after only studying French for a year.
97
大したN+否定形 大した病気じゃないからすぐ治るでしょう。
Isn't N very much *It's not a serious* illness, so you'll get better soon.
98
大して~ない あの歌手、歌はたしてうまくないのに、なんで人気なんだろう。
can't ~ very well That singer, even though she can't sing *very well*, why is she so popular?
99
V(ない形)ざるを得ない 上司にいわれたことだからせざるを得ない。
I have no choice but to V Don't like doing it, but have to *I have to do it* because my boss told me to do it.
100
~限り 可能な限り/できる限り お手伝いします。
as much as ~ limit of one's ability I will help you *as much as* possible.
101
Nに限り/限って このクーポンをお持ちのお客様に限り、10パーセント割引いたします。 入場者は女性に限ります。
only / limited to N exceptions, limitations *Only* customers who have this coupon will get a 10% discount. *Only* women can enter.
102
Nに限らず 中国語に限らず、日本語も漢字を使う。
Not limited to N *Not only* Chinese, but also Japanese uses kanji.
103
N(=とき、日など)に限って 急いでいるときに限って電車が遅れる。
only when N N is a time, day, etc. Only happens when N (doesn't actually), shows frustration The train will be late *only when* you're in a hurry.
104
Nに限って~ない あの人に限って噓は言いません。信じてあげてください。
only N won't It is usually used when you want to say with special expectations or trust that only N won't do something bad. This is the *only* person *won't* lie. Please believe me.
105
Vる/Vないに限る・Nに限る 疲れた時は寝るに限る。
V/N is best Limited to V/N Sleeping *is best* when tired.
106
さえ ひらがなさえ読めないのでは日本で生活するのは難しいだろう。
can/can't even It will be difficult to live in Japan if you *can't even* read hiragana.
107
~さえ~ば (Vます形+さえ+すれば) (Vてさえ~ば) この仕事はパソコンさえ打てれば、年齢や学歴は問いません。
as long as ~, ~ It is enough and nothing else is necessary/irrelevant. *As long as* you can use a computer, your age or educational background doesn't matter for this job .
108
Xこそ~ この本は成功した人にこそ読んでほしいです。 あなたがいたからこそ、この仕事がうまくいったのです。
only X ~ Used with various words, especially when saying that word (X) with emphasis. *Only* successful people should read this book. This job was successful *only* because of you.
109
AてこそB お金は使ってこそ価値があるのだ。
B only if/when A When you want to say that the meaning or effect of B is born/understood only after A. Money has value *only when* it is used.
110
X(普通形、である体)+ものの、Y 家族とは一緒にすんでいるものの、みんな忙しいので、なかなか会えない。
Certainly X, but Y ``X is certainly true, but the actual reality and results are different from what is expected from Y X''. I *certainly* live with my family, *but* they are all busy so I don't get to see them very often.
111
Nっぽい・V//ます//っぽい 息子はあきっぽくて、すぐに新しいおもちゃを欲しがる。
Feels/Tends to N/V My son *tends to* gets bored and wants a new toy right away.
112
わざと 子どもとゲームをするとき、ときどきわざと負けてやる。
on purpose When I play games with my children, I sometimes lose *on purpose*.
113
V//ます//+ようで / V//ます//+ようによっては 仕事はやりようでいくらでも時間を節約できる。
Depending on how you think and how you do it ~ You can save as much time as you like at work *depending on how you do it*.
114
XどころかY あの人は会っても話をするどころか、あいさつもしない。
X, let alone Y He doesn't even say hello to you, *let alone* talk when you meet him.
115
XどころかY あの人は独身どころか、子供が三人もいますよ。
Far from X, Y Y is complete opposite of X, opposite of stereotypical idea of X *Far from* single, he has three children.
116
まさか+否定表現 あんなに何度も練習したのだから、まさか失敗することはないだろう。
no way + (negative expression) I've practiced so many times, so there's *no way* I'll fail, right?
117
なんとか 何とかして今日中にこの仕事を終わらせたい。
somehow I want to finish this work by the end of today *somehow*.
118
なんとか ねぼうしてしまったけど、なんとかいつもの電車に間に合った。
somehow I slept in, but *somehow* managed to catch my usual train.
119
あいにく 友達の家へ行ったら、あいにく彼は留守だった。
Unfortunately *Unfortunately*, when I went to my friend's house, he wasn't there.
120
さいわい(幸い) 事故にあったが、幸い無事だった。
Fortunately I was in an accident, but *luckily* I was safe.
121
Nときたら、~  Nったら、~ あなたときたら(あなたったら)、約束の時間を守ったことが一度もないね。
When it comes to N, ~ *When is comes to you*, you have never kept your promises.
122
V1てはV2 夏休みは食べて寝、寝ては食べるという毎日で、太ってしまった。
V1 then V2 Repeated action of V2 after V1 During the summer vacation, I ate *then* slept, and slept *then* ate every day, so I got fat.
123
VるにV(可能形)ない 古いおもちゃや絵本は子どものころの思い出がいっぱい詰まっているので、 捨てるに捨てられない 。
Thinking to V but can't (psychological reasons) Old toys and picture books are full of childhood memories, so they *can't be* thrown away (even if they may be old).
124
とにかく 彼女はとにかくすごい美人です。
especially emphasis on point She's especially gorgeous.
125
とにかく まだ全員 揃っていませんが、とにかく始めましょう。
Anyway We're not all there yet, but let's get started *anyway*.
126
まんいち(万一) たぶん大丈夫だと思うけど、 万一 行けなくなっ たら 電話します。
If by any chance I think you'll probably be fine, but *if (by any chance)* I can't go, I'll call you.
127
たとえ~ても たとえみんなに反対されても 、彼と結婚します。 たとえ冗談でも 、そんなことを言うのはよくない。
Even if ~ I will marry him *even if* everyone is against it. It's not good to say things like that, *even as* a joke.
128
Vようとする 長った休みが終わろうとしている。
About to ~ just before a change/action begins/ends A long vacation is *coming to* an end.
129
QW~ことだろう/ことか 悲しみや喜びを分かち合えるがいることはなんと幸せなことだろう。
QW one is Showing emotion through quantity *How happy I am* to share my sorrows and joys with you.
130
Nにわたって/Nにわたり その展覧会は5月1日から半年にわたって開催された。
~ over/for N N is a period, time, place, etc. The exhibition was held *for* half a year from May 1st.
131
X。それにしてもY。 今日は大雨になるという予報だったけど、それにしてもよく降るなあ。
X. Even so, Y. Y is an emphasis on X. The forecast was for heavy rain today. *Even so*, it's raining quite heavily, huh?
132
XにしてもY 初めての仕事でまだ慣れていないにしても、こう間違ってばかりいては困る。
Even if X, Y *Even if* it's my first job and I'm still not used to it, I don't want to keep making mistakes like this.
133
X。それにしてはY 彼はきのう徹夜だったと言っているけど、それにしては元気だね。
X. Even so Y Y is opposite of X He says he stayed up all night last night, *even so*, he's energetic.
134
XにしてはY 徹夜だったにしては、元気だ。
Even though X, Y. *Even though* I was up all night, I'm energetic
135
X(普通形)としたら かれがくるとしたら、何時ごろに来るかな?
If X Hypothetical, based on assumption *If* he is coming, what time will he come?
136
X(普通形)としたら これだけ待ってもこないのだとしたら、今日はもう来ないでしょう。
If X Conclusion based on X *If* he hasn't come after waiting this long, he probably won't come today either.
137
X(普通形)にもかかわらずY 勉強したにもかかわらず、点数は悪かった。
Y despite X *Even though* I studied, my grades were bad.
138
X。それにもかかわらずY 外は強い雨と風だった。それにもかかわらず、彼は海に出かけた。
Nevertheless It was raining and windy outside. *Nevertheless* he went out to sea.
139
せめて 毎日朝早く起きるから、せめて日曜日ぐらいはゆっくりしたい。
at least I get up early every morning, so I want to take it easy *at least* on Sundays.
140
Nまみれ 子どもたちが公園で 泥まみれになって遊んでいる。
Covered in N Children are playing in the park *covered in* mud.
141
V//ます//+つつ 子どもを教育するには、興味を持たせつつ、 指導していくことが大切だ。
In order to educate children, it is important to guide them while keeping them interested.
142
V//ます//+つつ いけないこととは知りつつ(も)、やってしまったのです。
Even (though) V, ~ *Even knowing* it was wrong, I still did it.
143
V//ます//+つつある 地球は ますます 温暖化しつつある 。
~ is getting more/less V The earth is *getting* warmer.