S3

Question 1

Where are metals located in the periodic table?

Answer 1

On the left side and center.

Question 2

Where are non-metals located in the periodic table?

Answer 2

On the right side.

Question 3

Where are metalloids located?

Answer 3

Along the staircase line between metals and non-metals.

Question 4

How do you write electron configurations up to Z = 36?

Answer 4

By filling orbitals in the order: 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p.

Question 5

What are alkali metals?

Answer 5

Group 1 elements like Li, Na, K.

Question 6

What are halogens?

Answer 6

Group 17 elements like F, Cl, Br.

Question 7

What are noble gases?

Answer 7

Group 18 elements like He, Ne, Ar.

Question 8

What are transition elements?

Answer 8

D-block elements from Sc to Zn.

Question 9

What is periodicity?

Answer 9

The repeating pattern of chemical and physical properties across periods.

Question 10

What is the trend in atomic radius across a period?

Answer 10

Decreases from left to right.

Question 11

What is the trend in atomic radius down a group?

Answer 11

Increases due to more electron shells.

Question 12

What is the trend in ionic radius across a period?

Answer 12

Cations decrease, then anions increase, then decrease again.

Question 13

What is the trend in ionization energy across a period?

Answer 13

Increases across a period due to greater nuclear charge.

Question 14

What is the trend in ionization energy down a group?

Answer 14

Decreases due to increased shielding.

Question 15

What is the trend in electron affinity across a period?

Answer 15

Generally becomes more negative (more exothermic).

Question 16

What is the trend in electronegativity across a period?

Answer 16

Increases from left to right.

Question 17

What is the trend in electronegativity down a group?

Answer 17

Decreases due to increased atomic size.

Question 18

How do Group 1 metals react with water?

Answer 18

Form a metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas.

Question 19

What is the general equation for Group 1 metal with water?

Answer 19

2M + 2H2O → 2MOH + H2

Question 20

How do halogens react with halide ions?

Answer 20

A more reactive halogen displaces a less reactive halide ion.

Question 21

What is the trend in Group 1 metal reactivity?

Answer 21

Increases down the group.

Question 22

What is the trend in Group 17 halogen reactivity?

Answer 22

Decreases down the group.

Question 23

What is the reaction of Group 1 oxides with water?

Answer 23

Form a metal hydroxide solution.

Question 24

What is the reaction of carbon with oxygen?

Answer 24

C + O2 → CO2

Question 25

What is the reaction of sulfur with oxygen?

Answer 25

S + O2 → SO2

Question 26

What is an oxidation state?

Answer 26

The hypothetical charge an atom would have if all bonds were ionic.

Question 27

What is the oxidation number of hydrogen in metal hydrides?

Answer 27

-1

Question 28

What is the oxidation number of oxygen in peroxides?

Answer 28

-1

Question 29

What is the oxidation number of oxygen in most compounds?

Answer 29

-2

Question 30

How to find oxidation numbers in compounds?

Answer 30

Use known values and the sum equals the charge of the species.

Question 31

What is an empirical formula?

Answer 31

The simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in a compound.

Question 32

What is a molecular formula?

Answer 32

The actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule.

Question 33

What is a structural formula?

Answer 33

Shows how atoms are arranged in a molecule.

Question 34

What is a stereochemical formula?

Answer 34

Shows 3D spatial arrangement using wedge and dash bonds.

Question 35

What is a skeletal formula?

Answer 35

A simplified organic formula showing only carbon skeleton and functional groups.

Question 36

What is a halogeno group?

Answer 36

A functional group containing a halogen like Cl or Br.

Question 37

What is a hydroxyl group?

Answer 37

An -OH group.

Question 38

What is a carbonyl group?

Answer 38

A C=O group found in aldehydes and ketones.

Question 39

What does saturated mean?

Answer 39

Contains only single bonds.

Question 40

What does unsaturated mean?

Answer 40

Contains one or more double or triple bonds.

Question 41

What is a homologous series?

Answer 41

A series of compounds with the same functional group and similar chemical properties.

Question 42

Examples of homologous series?

Answer 42

Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, alcohols.

Question 43

What trends exist in boiling/melting points in a homologous series?

Answer 43

Increase with molecular size due to stronger London dispersion forces.

Question 44

What is IUPAC nomenclature?

Answer 44

A system of naming organic compounds based on rules set by IUPAC.

Question 45

How to name alkanes and alkenes?

Answer 45

Use the longest carbon chain and number to give substituents the lowest position.

Question 46

What is the prefix for a 1-carbon chain?

Answer 46

Meth-

Question 47

What is the prefix for a 2-carbon chain?

Answer 47

Eth-

Question 48

What is the prefix for a 3-carbon chain?

Answer 48

Prop-

Question 49

What is the prefix for a 4-carbon chain?

Answer 49

But-

Question 50

What is the suffix for alkanes?

Answer 50

-ane

Question 51

What is the suffix for alkenes?

Answer 51

-ene

Question 52

What are structural isomers?

Answer 52

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas.

Question 53

What are chain isomers?

Answer 53

Differ in the arrangement of the carbon skeleton.

Question 54

What are position isomers?

Answer 54

Differ in the position of a functional group.

Question 55

What are functional group isomers?

Answer 55

Contain different functional groups with the same atoms.