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CompTIA Network+(N10-009) > S9-IP Addressing > Flashcards

S9-IP Addressing Flashcards

1
Q

What Notation are IPv4 addresses notated in?

A

Dotted-Decimal Notation

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2
Q

What is an Octet?

A

Each number separated by a decimal in a IPv4 address

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3
Q

How man bits in an Octet?

A

8 bits

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4
Q

What 2 portions make up an IP Address?

A

-Network Portion
- Host portion

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5
Q

How do you identify the network portion of an IP address?

A

Any octet with a subnet mask of 255 (11111111) .

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6
Q

How do you identify the host portion of an IP address?

A

Octet with a subnet mask of 0 (00000000)

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7
Q

What are the 5 classes of IPv4 addressing?

A
  • Class A
  • Class B
  • Class C
  • Class D
  • Class E
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8
Q

Class A

A

1st Octet Value
- 1-127
Default Subnet Mask
- 255.0.0.0
Possible hosts
- 16.7 m (255x255x255)

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9
Q

Class B

A

1st Octet Value
- 128-191
Default Subnet Mask
- 255.255.0.0
Possible Hosts
- 65,536 (255x255)

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10
Q

Class C

A

1st Octet Value
- 192-233
Default Subnet Mask
- 255.255.255.0
Possible Hosts
- 256

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11
Q

Class D

A

Used for Multi-cast routing*

1st Octet Value
- 224-239

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12
Q

Class E

A

Reserved for R&D*

1st Octet Value
- 240-255
Possible Hosts
- 268m (Reserved)

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13
Q

What is a Multicast Address?

A

a special IP address used to send data to a group of recipients simultaneously, rather than individually (unicast) or to every device on a network (broadcast)

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14
Q

What is Subnetting?

A

Subdividing a larger network into smaller portions

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15
Q

What is a Classful Subnet Mask?

A

Default Subnet mask for a Class of IP Addresses EG.
(Class A = 10.0.0.0) (255.0.0.0)

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16
Q

What is a Classless Subnet mask?

A

Sub netted IP addresses that borrow some host bits from and IPv4 address.

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17
Q

What is CIDR?

A

“Classless inter-domain Routing”

An IP addressing scheme that converts classful IP addressing into Classless IP addressing using variable-length subnet masks.

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18
Q

what is CIDR Notation?

A

IP addresses are represented with a slash followed by a number (e.g., 192.0.2.0/24), where the number indicates the number of bits (1’s) in the network portion of the address.

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19
Q

What are some IPv4 address types?

A
  • Public
  • Private
  • Loopback
  • APIPA
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20
Q

What is a Public (Routable) IPv4 Address?

A

Unique IP address assigned to each device on the internet that allows it to communicate with other devices using IPv4

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21
Q

How many total IP addresses can be produced from the IPv4 Address scheme?

A

About 4.3 billion addresses

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22
Q

what is ICANN?

A

“Internet Corporation for assigned Names and Numbers”

Organization that Globally manages and leases publicly routable IP Addresses

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23
Q

What are the 5 Regional Internet Registries (RIRs) of ICANN?

A
  • ARIN (North America)
  • LACNIC (Latin America)
  • AFNIC (Africa)
  • APNIC (Asia Pacific)
  • RIPE (Europe)
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24
Q

What is a Private (Non-Routable) Address?

A

Local network addressing that allows for the communication between devices within that network without using a public IP address

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25
What are the private IP Ranges?
- 10 : 10.x.x.x - 172 ; 172.16.x.x - 192 : 192.168.1.x
26
What is NAT?
"Network Address Translation" Converts a private IP into a public IP and Vice Versa
27
What is a Request for Comments (RFCs)
Formal publication from the internet society and the internet Engineering task force (IETF)
28
what is RFC 1918?
an IETF document that defines the ranges of IP addresses reserved for private networks
29
what are the RFC 1918 ranges?
Class A - 10 - 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 - 16.7m hosts (256x256x256) Class B - 172.16 - 172.31 - 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 - 1.05m Hosts (16x256x256) Class C - 192.168 - 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 - 65,536 Hosts (256x256)
30
What is a Loopback (Localhost) Address?
Specialized IP Address assigned as 127.0.0.1 that creates a loopback to the host and is used for troubleshooting and testing network protocol software.
31
what is Automatic Private IP Addresses (APIPA)?
Addresses assigned by the OS when a network's DHCP is down and an IP address has not been statically assigned.
32
What is the APIPA Range?
169.254.0.0 to 169.254.255.255 (169.254.0.0/16) - 65,536 possible IP addresses
33
what is DORA?
"Discover, Offer, Request, Acknowledge" 4 -step process a device goes through in order to get an IP address from a DHCP
34
What is Unicast?
Data travels from a single source to a single destination device
35
What is Multicast?
Data travels from a single source to multiple, specific destination devices
36
What is Broadcast?
Data travels from a single source to all devices on a destination network
37
What are the 2 methods of assigning IP addresses?
- Static - Dynamic
38
Static Assignment
Manually typing in the IP information for a device
39
Dynamic Assignment (DHCP)
assigns IP addresses to devices temporarily from a pool, allowing efficient address usage and automatic configuration
40
what is DNS?
"Domain Name System" translates Names into numbers, and vice versa
41
What us WINS
"Windows internet Name Service" Identifies NetBIOS systems on a TCP/IP network and converts those NetBIOS names to IP Addresses
42
What are 4 methods for dynamic IP address assignment?
- BOOTP - DHCP - APIPA - ZeroConf
43
What is BOOTP?
"Bootstrap Protocol" Dynamically assigns IP addresses and allows workstations to load a copy of the boot image over a network.
44
What are the 4 key IP components provided by DHCP?
- IP Address - Subnet mask - Default Gateway - DNS/WINS Server
45
What is ZeroConf?
"Zero Configuration" Zeroconf enables devices to automatically assign IP addresses, resolve names, and discover services on the network without requiring a DHCP server, DNS server, or directory server.
46
ZeroConf Capabilities
-Assign a non-routable IP address - Can resolve names to IP addresses w/o DNS using mDNS - Can perform service discovery on a network
47
What are some examples of ZeroConf services?
- Apple's Bonjour - Window's Link-Local Multicast Name Resolution (LLMNR) - Linux's SystemD
48
What IP addresses does every network need to have?
- Network ID - Broadcast ID
49
What is the Network ID?
First IP Address in the range for that network.
50
What is the Broadcast ID?
Last IP Address in the range for that network.
51
what does Variable-Length Subnet Mask (VLSM) do?
Allows subnets of various sizes to be used and requires a protocol that supports it.
52
What is IPv6?
New IP version that addresses the IP exhaustion issue with IPv4, by featuring a 128 bit address that allows for 340 undecillion addresses.
53
Benefits of IPv6?
- Larger address space - No broadcasts - No fragmentation - Simplified header
54
What number system is an IPv6 address based off?
Hexadecimal (Base 16)
55
How many bits in each hexadecimal digit?
4 bits
56
IPv6 Address break down
128 bits being represented by 8 segments of 4 hexadecimal digits each totaling at 32 digits.
57
Ipv6 Shorthand notation/zero compression rules
- Segments with 4 consecutive zeros can be represented by 1 zero - Multiple segments containing only zeros can be represented by the double colon "::" (only once within an address)
58
Hexadecimal counting
1 through 9 (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9) 10 through 15 (a,b,c,d,e,f)
59
What are the 3 address types for IPv6?
- Unicast - Multicast - Anycast
60
Can Multiple Different IPv6 addresses be assigned to a single interface?
True
61
Ipv6 unicast
identifies a single interface on a network, enabling one-to-one communication, similar to an IPv4 address, but with a much larger address space - one-to-one
62
Global Unicast Addresses
globally unique addresses that can be used on the internet. They are similar to public IPv4 addresses - begins with 2000-3999
63
Link-Local Addresses
These addresses are used for communication on a single network link. - have the prefix FE80 - similar to a private IP in Ipv4
64
What is SLAAC?
"Stateless Address Autoconfiguration" a method in IPv6 that allows devices to automatically configure their own unique IPv6 addresses without relying on a DHCP server.
65
EUI-64
"Extended Unique Identifier" a method used in IPv6 to generate a 64-bit interface identifier from a 48-bit MAC address
66
what is NDP?
"Neighbor Discovery Protocol" enables devices to discover each other, find routers, and configure their addresses automatically.
67
IPv6 Multicast
In IPv6, multicast addresses are identified by the prefix ff00::/8, allowing for efficient one-to-many communication by sending packets to a group of destinations simultaneously. - One-to-many
68
Ipv6 Anycast
an address assigned to multiple nodes or interfaces, where traffic sent to that address is routed to the closest node or interface to the sender - One-to-Nearest
69
How does EUI-64 work?
the 48 bit MAC address is split into two 24 bit portions (the OUI & NIC). then in-between a 16 bit Hexadecimal value is injected (FFFE) creating the 64 bit EUI.
70
What functions does NDP perform?
- Router Solicitation (RS) - Router Advertisement (RA) - Neighbor Solicitation (NS) - Neighbor Advertisement (NA) - Redirection
71
RS
Solicits network for the default gateway
72
RA
Router's Acknowledgement of RS Solicitation
73
NS
solicits network for connected link-layer addresses
74
NA
Neighbor's Acknowledgement of NS solicitation
75
How can you identify a Multicast IPv6 address?
The first segment of a multicast IPv6 address starts with FF00
76
How can you identify a Global Unicast IPv6 address?
The first segment of a Unicast IPv6 address starts within the range of 2000-3999
77
How can you identify a Link-Local Unicast IPv6 address?
The first segment of a Unicast IPv6 address starts with FE80
78
How can you identify a Unique Local (ULA) Unicast IPv6 address?
They have a prefix of FD00
79
What tools allow for compatibility between IPv6 and IPv4?
- Dual Stack - Tunneling - NAT64
80
Dual stack
Network Architecture that allow for simultaneous operation of both IPV4 and IPV6 protocols.
81
Tunneling
Enables communication of one network protocol within another by encapsulation packets of a different protocol.
82
NAT64
Network Address translation mechanisms that allows IPv6-only devices to communicate with IPv4 servers and services.

CompTIA Network+(N10-009) (17 decks)

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