SA Chapter 4.3: To What Extent Did Political Negotiations, 1989-91, End In Compromise? Flashcards
(5 cards)
DE KLERK’S NEW COURSE:
When did Botha suffer a stroke? How much % of vote did NP win? Why was this shocking?
What did he not support, and criticise about Botha’s reforms? What did he do about this?
Botha compared to De Klerk?
How did the fall of the Berlin wall (when) impact De Klerk and SA?
/1989. 48%: worst performance since many years.
/De Klerk was critical of Botha’s presedentialism, felt military presence had become too central in policy making, and therefore he reduced military budgets and reduced the influence of Joint Management systems in 1989.
/Botha was forceful and ruthless. De Klerk was keener to find compromises- a political peacemaker.
/1989, marked the end of communism in Europe: Western powers didn’t need the ‘bastion against communism’ anymore, and therefore put more pressure on SA leaders to negotiate.
FREEING NELSON MANDELA AND UNBANNING POLITICAL PARTIES:
Why were a lot of whites now against apartheid?
When did de Klerk announce he would free Mandela and unban political parties (such as?) to parliament?
Hugely televised moment? What did Mandela do over next few months? How many in Soweto crowd?
How many globally watched the concert in London celebrating Mandela’s release? What year/month?
Why did the ANC not want him to him to meet Thatcher? Why did Mandela still meet her?
/Whites had done well under apartheid, and had a lot to lose… negotiations seemed inevitable.
/1990, such as PAC and ANC and CP.
/Mandela’s release: the slow walk to freedom, televised internationally, a moment of political hope. Mandela travelled a lot… 120,000 at Soweto stadium.
/500 Million, April 1990.
/She had opposed the liberation movements and sanctions, had supported the IFD. NM wanted to meet opponents, seeing it as vital.
FREEING NELSON MANDELA AND UNBANNING POLITICAL PARTIES:
When did Mandela become president of the ANC? Why? Who did he elect as secretary general? Significance?
When did the UDF/MDM fold into the ANC? How many members did this recruit? Why did this have disadvantages?
Who did the ANC also absorb, many thanks to who? What did he help create? Revived
How and why did Mandela absorb support from key opposition (chiefs)?
/July 1991, Tambo was ill. Appointed a trade unionist, significant in bringing COSATU and UDF (or MDM) to the heart of the ANC.
/1991, 700,000 members. It weakened the grassroots political organisation in the country.
/Youthful comrades, thanks to Mokaba. Played a key role in transforming youth student orgs into a revived ANCYL.
/He forgave them for accepting apartheid, made them feel included in a democratic SA.
NEGOTIATIONS AND DISMANTlNG APARTHEID:
Why did NP and some whites think black communities were divided? Who/ what groups?
Why did the ANC suspend armed struggle in 1990? Why did they not completely abandon it?
Why did de Klerk arrest members of ANC/CP? When/after what? What did the ANC argue? When were charges dropped?
When and why did gov/ANC reach a low point? Who met? Name of zulu freedom party movement?
What did de Klerk revoke in JUNE 1991?
/Buthelezi and IFP vs ANC ‘black on black violence’, homeland leaders, Indian/Coloured politicians bought into the reform process.
/Group Areas breaches relaxed, other racial legislation revoked. It was a powerful negotiating tool… no NP promises yet.
/June 1990 after state of emergency was lifted, due to remnants of underground MK armed struggle movements. ANC argued it had SUSPENDED not ABANDONED (wanted to be ready. Charged dropped in early 1991.
/Despite Mandela and Buthelezi meeting and striking an accord, violence between blacks continued, and Mandela accused the government of orchestrating the violence to split black society/ justify government control. IFP
/Group Areas, Population registration and Natives Land Acts.
CODESA 1991:
What did CODESA stand for?, Where did they meet in Jburg? When was this?
Convention for a Democratic South Africa. World Trade Centre in late 1991u
