SAC 2

Question 1

person perception

Answer 1

the process of forming impressions about others, we do this by piecing bits of information we have gathered about that person so that we might get an idea of their characteristics

Question 2

define attributions

Answer 2

they are inferences we make about the causes of events the behaviour of other, or our own behaviour, there are internal(dispositional) and external( situational) attributions(movie scenario)

Question 3

example of attributions

Answer 3

Julia invites Kim and Liz to the movies. Liz arrives 30 minutes late. Kim thinks there must’ve been a lot of traffic and parking was hard. Julia knows her friend is always late and thinks her friend is unorganised.

Question 4

example of stereotypes

Answer 4

gender, ethnicity, race, disability, age, social class, sexuality, occupation etc

Question 5

implicit attitudes

Answer 5

are involuntary, uncontrollable and sometimes unconscious. It is possible for individuals to be unaware that they hold a certain attitude until their actions reveal it.

Question 6

example of implicit attitudes

Answer 6

moths are harmless (attitude)

screams at seeing a moth (action)

Question 7

explicit attitudes

Answer 7

are where people openly state their attitude and behave in a way that reflects this attitude.

Question 8

example of explicit attitudes

Answer 8

exercise is good for my health (attitude)

goes to the gym daily (action)

Question 9

prejudice

Answer 9

is an unfavourable or negative attitude towards a group of people based on insufficient or incorrect information about the group whom it is directed , it is a form of antisocial behaviour (is an identifiable group, not an individual from the group) A & C components

Question 10

discrimination

Answer 10

is the action that expresses the attitude of prejudice and its often the individual who is the victim.

Question 11

example of prejudice

Answer 11

sexism, racism, ageism, homophobia, disability

Question 12

examples of discrimination

Answer 12

reluctance to help, tokenism, reverse discrimination

Question 13

effects of prejudice and discriminaton

Answer 13

low self esteem, disadvantage/failure, self fulfilling prophecies, violence and genocide

Question 14

how is prejudice prevented and reduced

Answer 14

education, inter-group contact, cognitive intervention, super-ordinate goals, direct experience

Question 15

LaPiere study

Answer 15

study in 1934, la piere visited 184 restaurants with 2 Chinese men and dined at all of them then later sent a survey asking whether they’d serve chinese men, 50% returned the survey and of that 90% said no. this shows that people who expressed prejudice had not actually acted in a prejudicial way.

Question 16

situational attributions

Answer 16

environmental setting, situation, luck, the actions of another person

Question 17

dispositional attributions

Answer 17

traits, ability, motivation, attitude, mood, effort

Question 18

define attitude

Answer 18

a positive or negative evaluation of an attitude object(a person, object, event or idea) it is a learned, stable and relatively enduring evaluation and can affect an individuals behaviour

Question 19

difference in attitude and then behaviour

Answer 19

can occur because of attitude salience, attitude specificity, information about the attitude, the situation and how the attitude is measured

Question 20

what is the tri-component modal

Answer 20

is a model to describe the structure of an attitude according to it an attitude is made up of a cluster of beliefs(thoughts&ideas), feelings(likes&dislikes) and behaviours(actions&intentions). some attitudes do not have all 3 components, some components can also be more dominant than others.

Question 21

A- affective component

Answer 21

the feelings and emotional response to an attitude object. this component is mostly learned during the course of our daily lives. it is the emotional reaction we have or the way we feel about an attitude. this involves a physiological response to an attitude object. eg- you may love dogs

Question 22

B- behavioural component

Answer 22

this is a persons behaviour towards an attitude object. this is what we say and how we act towards the object. eg- you might get a pet dog and pend time with it

Question 23

C- cognitive component

Answer 23

a persons thoughts, ideas and understanding of an attitude object. it is what we know or think we know about an attitude object. eg- dogs can be good guard dogs and good companions.

Question 24

what are the functions of stereotypes

Answer 24

they help us organise our knowledge of people quickly, especially when we meet new people, unfortunate they tend to be incorrect and any individual will not posses all the characteristics we assumed and therefore individual traits may be overlooked.

Question 25

function of attitudes (P.I.E)

Answer 25

PREDISPOSING- guiding us to behave a certain way , helping us get what we want and avoid what we don't want, saving us energy so we dont have to work out our reactions to an attitude object everytime we encounter it INTERPRETING- guiding the interpretation and summary of attitude objects, helping us avoid worry and confusion when faced with a new one. helping us to understand and process information. EVALUATING- helping us stand up for our beliefs and values, help us reflect on our values, protect our self-esteem when we feel threatened or uncomfortable.