Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Vet Derm Review > SAD - Chapter 17 - Nutritional Skin Dz > Flashcards

SAD - Chapter 17 - Nutritional Skin Dz Flashcards

(81 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Aromatic amino acids that influence hair color

A

phenylalanine, tryptophan, tyrosine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Essential polyunsaturated fatty acids for dogs? Cats?

A

linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid; cats – arachidonic acid, linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where are the double bonds located with omega-3 fatty acids?

A

3-carbon position from the carboxyl end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where are the double bonds located with omega-6 fatty acids?

A

6-carbon position from the carboxyl end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What omega-6 fatty acids are essential fatty acids?

A

linoleic acid and arachidonic acid (cat)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What omega-3 fatty acids are essential fatty acids?

A

alpha-linolenic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why can’t cats synthesize enough arachidonic acid to meet their physiologic requirement?

A

low levels of delta-6 desaturase activity, which is used to convert linoleic acid into AA acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the function of vitamin A in the skin?

A

important in cellular metabolism; required for normal maturation of skin and hair follicles; essential for normal epithelial tissue lining digestive, respiratory, and reproductive tracts; required for proper immune system functioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Signs of vitamin A deficiency

A

epidermal hyperkeratosis and scaling, occlusion of sebaceous ducts, papules associate with follicular hyperkeratois, poor hair coat and alopecia; reproductive failure, retinal degeneration and night blindness; increased susceptibility to infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Signs of vitamin A toxicity

A

epidermal scaling, unkempt hair coat, anorexia, weight loss, bone decalcification, liver damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Functions of Vitamin D

A

required for normal calcium absorption and metabolism; essential for normal bone development. Vitamin D3 also has a role in regulation of keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Signs of vitamin D deficiency

A

rickets in young, osteomalacia in adults, chest deformity, poor eruption of teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Signs of vitamin D toxicity

A

increased blood calcium levels, soft-tissue calcification, diarrhea, kidney failure, death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Functions of Vitamin E

A

antioxidant, protect cells from oxidative damage; may have a role in normal immune function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Signs of Vitamin E deficiency

A

pansteatitis (seen in cats fed diets high in polyunsaturated fatty acids); seborrhea, muscular dystrophy; reproductive failure; intestinal lipofuscinosis, impaired immunity with predisposition to bacterial skin infections and demodicosis (dogs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Signs of Vitamin E toxicity

A

anorexia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Functions of Vitamin K

A

formation of clotting factors and normal blood clotting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Signs of Vitamin K deficiency

A

hemorrhage, increased bleeding times (poor blood clotting)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Signs of vitamin K toxicity

A

none reported

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Functions of vitamin C

A

antioxidant; formation and maintenance of matrix of bone, cartilage and connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Signs of Vitamin C deficiency

A

rickets, impaired wound healing, bleeding, anemia, increased susceptibility to infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Signs of Vitamin C toxicity

A

none reported – dogs & cats do not require a dietary source of vitamin C (synthesize adequate levels)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Functions of thiamine (B1)

A

component of two coenzymes essential in carbohydrate metabolism and energy transfer; promotes natural health and digestion and normal nerve function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Signs of thiamine (B1) deficiency

A

anorexia, weight loss, vomiting, dehydration, ventral flexion of neck, paralysis, incoordination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Signs of thiamine (B1) toxicity
nontoxic
26
Functions of riboflavin (B2)
forms parts of two coenzymes with roles in energy transfer and protein metabolism; component of xanthine oxidase required for epithelial cell maturation
27
Signs of riboflavin (B2) deficiency
retarded growth, dry scaly skin, erythema, posterior muscle weakness, anemia, ocular lesions (pannus), glossitis, reduced fertility, testicular hypoplasia, fatty liver
28
Signs of riboflavin (B2) toxicity
nontoxic
29
Functions of niacin
component of two coenzymes with roles in energy transfer; required for metabolism
30
Signs of niacin deficiency
blacktongue (pellagra), pruritic dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, anorexia, anemia, emaciation, death
31
Signs of niacin toxicity
cutaneous flushing, itching
32
Functions of pyridoxine (B6)
part of enzyme involved in protein metabolism; essential for normal metabolism of tryptophan
33
Signs of pyridoxine (B6) deficiency
dermatitis with dull, waxy, unkempt haircoat, alopecia and scaling, seizures, anemia, high serum iron, anorexia, weight loss, impaired growth
34
Signs of pyridoxine (B6) toxicity
nontoxic
35
Function of pantothenic acid (B5)
constituent of coenzyme A required for normal metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
36
Signs of pantothenic acid (B5) deficiency
anorexia, stunted growth, hypoglycemia, uremia, gastroenteritis, seizures, fatty liver, coma, death
37
Signs of pantothenic acid toxicity
nontoxic
38
Functions of folic acid
required for normal red blood cell development and DNA synthesis
39
Signs of folic acid deficiency
anemia, leukopenia, stunted growth, glossitis
40
Signs of folic acid toxicity
nontoxic
41
Functions of biotin
required for metabolism of fats and amino acids, essential for skin and hair health, functions in enzyme systems
42
Signs of biotin deficiency
scaly dermatitis, alopecia, anorexia, weakness, diarrhea, progressive spasticity, and posterior paralysis
43
Signs of biotin toxicity
nontoxic
44
Functions of cobalamin
required for synthesis of nucleic acids; involved in purine synthesis and carbohydrate and fat metabolism
45
Signs of cobalamin (B12) deficiency
anemia, impaired growth, posterior incoordination
46
Signs of cobalamin (B12) toxicity
nontoxic
47
Functions of calcium
bone and tooth formationi, blood clotting, enzyme activation, muscle contraction, nerve impulse transmission
48
Signs of calcium deficiency
rickets in young and osteomalacia in adults, lameness, stiffness, constipation, anorexia, loss of teeth, tetany with acute deficiency
49
Signs of calcium toxicity
impaired skeletal development, secondary deficiencies of other minerals, especially zinc, phosphorous, and copper (interference with absorption); bloat
50
Functions of phosphorous
bone and tooth formation; component of enzyme systems, involved in energy transfer (component of high-energy bonds), part of DNA and RNA
51
Signs of phosphorous deficiency
rough hair coat, pica, anorexia, slow growth, rickets in young, osteomalacia in adults
52
Signs of phosphorous toxicity
impaired skeletal development, secondary deficiency of calcium, kidney damage
53
Functions of sodium
muscle contraction, maintenance of body fluid volumes, component of bile, muscle, and nerve function
54
Signs of sodium deficiency
salt hunger, pica, weight loss, fatigue, impaired milk secretion, polyuria, circulatory failure
55
Signs of sodium toxicity
thirst, pruritus, constipation, anorexia, seizures, hypertension (all unlikely if water is freely available)
56
Function of magnesium
enzyme activator, constituent of skeletal tissue, required for muscle and nerve function, roles in energy metabolism and protein synthesis
57
Signs of magnesium deficiency
calcification of soft tissues, retarded growth, spreading of toes, hyperirritability, seizures, excess salivation
58
Signs of magnesium toxicity
acute excesses may cause diarrhea; chronic excesses may contribute to urolithiasis, cystitis, and urinary tract disease in cats
59
Functions of zinc
essential component of many enzyme systems, including those involved in protein and carbohydrate metabolism; required for maturation of skin cells and healthy hair coat; required for normal immune function
60
Signs of zinc deficiency
impaired growth, scaly skin with parakeratosis, depigmentation of hair, infertility, testicular hypoplasia, impaired wound healing, increased susceptibility to infections
61
Signs of zinc toxicity
excesses may interfere with absorption of calcium and/or copper; acute toxicity may result in hemolytic anemia
62
Function of copper
roles in erythropoiesis, coenzymes, hair pigmentation, reproduction, collagen and elastin synthesis, iron utilization
63
Signs of copper deficiency
pica, stunted growth, diarrhea, depigmentation of hair, anemia, impaired bone growth
64
Signs of copper toxicity
inherited disorder of metabolism in some breeds leads to liver damage
65
Function of manganese
involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, formation of cartilage
66
Signs of manganese deficiency
infertility, enlarged stiff joints, short brittle bones
67
Signs of manganese toxicity
infertility, partial ablinism (rare)
68
Function of iodine
required for thyroid hormone synthesis (involved in regulation of metabolism)
69
Signs of iodine deficiency
hypothyroidism, goiter, alopecia, infertility, lethargy, myxedema
70
Signs of iodine toxicity
excesses can also result in decreased thyroid function and signs similar to deficiency
71
Other than a diet deficient in fatty acids, how may fatty acid deficiency develop?
inadequate antioxidants (such as vitamin E), resulting in rancidity; intestinal malabsorption, pancreatic disease, chronic hepatic disease
72
What cutaneous changes can occur with fatty acid deficiency?
abnormal keratinization --> epidermal hyperplasia, hypergranulosis, orthokeratotic or parakeratotic hyperkeratosis
73
Why does abnormal keratinization occur with fatty acid deficiency?
arachidonic acid deficiency --> prostaglandin E2 deficiency -> aberrations in the ratios of epidermal cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) to cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and in DNA synthesis
74
Why do cats require a dietary source of preformed retinol?
unable to synthesize it from its precursor, beta-carotene
75
Cats fed diets high in red tuna or other PUFA-rich foods, without receiving vitamin E supplements may develop what?
pansteatitis; lipid peroxidation --> necrosis and inflammation of subcutaneous and intraabdominal fat; lesions include firm, painful nodules in affected tisues
76
ceroid
product of lipid peroxidation
77
Syndrome I zinc-responsive dermatosis primarily occurs in what breeds?
Alaskan malamutes and Siberian huskies
78
What adverse effects have been reported with IV administration of zinc sulfate?
cardiac arrhythmias can occur if the drug is administered too fast
79
What adjunctive therapies can help with zinc absorption?
phytase -- enhances the bioavailability of zinc by hydrolyzing phytates present in foods; low-dose corticosteroids-- increase zinc absorption from the GI tract by induction of metallothionein
80
Syndrome II zinc-responsive dermatosis occurs in what situations?
rapidly growing puppies or young adult dogs that are fed zinc-deficient diets, diets high in phytates or minerals such as calcium or iron (interfere with zinc absoprtion), diet oversupplemented with other minerals and vitamins
81
Histopathological findings of zinc-responsive dermatosis
hyperplastic superficial perivascular dermatitis--eos and lymphocytes, marked diffuse and follicular parakeratotic hyperkeratosis, spongiosis

Vet Derm Review (44 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions