Safety & QC in Micro

Question 1

What is the destruction of all forms of life?

Answer 1

Sterilization

Question 2

What is disinfection defined as?

Answer 2

Elimination of a defined scope of microorganisms

Question 3

What is a chemical agent applied to inanimate objects?

Answer 3

Disinfectant

Question 4

What is antiseptic defined as?

Answer 4

A substance applied to the skin to eliminate or reduce the number of bacteria

Question 5

What type of organism is the most resistant infectious agent?

Answer 5

Prions

Question 6

What type of organism is susceptible to detergents and wetting agents?

Answer 6

Enveloped Viruses

Question 7

What type of organism provides a resistant layer of protection against sterilants and disinfectants?

Answer 7

Biofilms

Question 8

What does the microbial load determine?

Answer 8

Exposure time necessary for 99.9% elimination

Question 9

What is easily inactivated by organic material?

Answer 9

Bleach

Question 10

What is the amount of exposure time required to kill microorgansisms?

Answer 10

1-2 minutes

Question 11

What temperature do we store disinfectants?

Answer 11

20C to 22C or room temperature

Question 12

What are the physical methods used in disinfection and sterilization?

Answer 12

Moist Heat (Steam pressure)
Dry Heat (Glassware)
Boiling (Disinfection Not Sterilization)
Pasteurization (No Sterilization)

Question 13

How do Chemosterilizers exert their killing effects?

Answer 13

Reaction with membrane components
Denaturation of cellular proteins
Reaction with enzymes
Damage RNA/DNA

Question 14

What is often used to disinfect biosafety hoods and is a potential carcinogen?

Answer 14

Formaldehyde

Question 15

What is effective against bacteria, fungi, and viruses but does not penetrate organic material?

Answer 15

Glutaraldehyde

Question 16

What requires free iodine causing proper dilution to be vital?

Answer 16

Iodophor

Question 17

What is Iodophor known as?

Answer 17

Most common and best preoperative skin prep in the US
Disinfectant

Question 18

What are the pros and cons of Sodium Hypochlorite (bleach)?

Answer 18

Pro: Inexpensive, kills a lot of things
Con: Rapidly degrades (30 days max)

Question 19

What has reduced effectiveness in water and soap and is inactivated by organic material?

Answer 19

Detergents (Quaternary Ammonuim)

Question 20

What can be substituted with halogens, alkyl, and pheyl and is activated in the presence of organic matter?

Answer 20

Phenol (Carbolic Acid)

Question 21

What can Chlorhexidine gluconate (0.5 - 4%) cause?

Answer 21

Sever skin reactions in infants younger than 2 months
Cell membrane disruption
Precipitates

Question 22

What are three characteristics of Triclosan?

Answer 22

Disrupts cell wall
Used as a hand wash and surgical scrub
Performs poorly against fungi

Question 23

What was Silver Nitrate used for and why is it no longer in use?

Answer 23

Used for gonococcal conjunctivitis in newborns
No longer used due to Toxicity and Pollution

Question 24

What is the most common gas used for sterilization?

Answer 24

Ethylene Oxide

Question 25

Who regulates chemical skin antiseptics?

Answer 25

FDA

Question 26

What is the goal of Hand washing/Hand rubs?

Answer 26

To eliminate transient flora

Question 27

What is the objective of surgical hand scrub/surgical hand rubs?

Answer 27

To eliminate transient flora and most resident flora Prevent surgical infections

Question 28

When should we perform safety training for emloyees?

Answer 28

Annual updates

Question 29

What are microbiology personnel at greater risk for?

Answer 29

Infections Infectious agents: Viral, Fungal, Parasitic, Bacterial

Question 30

What is the universal precaution in regards to how we handle specimens?

Answer 30

All blood and body fluids are treated as infectious

Question 31

What are the transmission based precautions?

Answer 31

Contact (MRSA, Clostridium Difficile) Droplet (Neisseria Meningitides) Airborne (Mycobacterium Tuberculosis)

Question 32

What are the four modes of infection?

Answer 32

Direct Contact Inhalation Ingestion Needle Stick

Question 33

What are the four risk groups identified by the WHO?

Answer 33

Group 1 (No/Low Ind. & Comm) Group 2 (Moderate Ind. , Low Comm) Group 3 (High Ind. , Low Comm) Group 4 (High Ind & High Comm)

Question 34

What are the three types of Biological Safety Cabinets (BSC)?

Answer 34

Class 1: Air circulates, filtered before exhausted Class 2: Filtered before and after work surface (Most common) Class 3: Self contained for high infectious

Question 35

What is known as substances that singly or in combination pose a significant present or potential threat or hazard to human health?

Answer 35

Hazardous Waste

Question 36

How often must we update the hazardous chemicals inventory?

Answer 36

Updated annualy

Question 37

What steps do we follow in regards to fire safety?

Answer 37

Rescue Alarm Contain Extinguish

Question 38

When kind of material must we wear thermal gloves for?

Answer 38

Liquid Nitrogen

Question 39

Who requires OSHA standards to be conducted annualy?

Answer 39

The Joint Commission (TJC)

Question 40

What is Quality Control defined as?

Answer 40

Measures designated to ensure the medical reliability of laboratory data

Question 41

What equipment do we perform daily temperature checks on?

Answer 41

Incubators Heating Blocks Water baths Refrigerators Freezers

Question 42

When do we calibrate thermometers against a NIST one?

Answer 42

Upon arrival Expiration date

Question 43

Replacing filters, oiling and cleaning instruments, and recalibrating instruments are all examples of what?

Answer 43

Preventative Maintenance on equipment (QC)

Question 44

What media requires further QC due to its high failure rates?

Answer 44

Chocolate Agar Neisseria Media Campylobacter Media

Question 45

How often do we do reagent QC?

Answer 45

Every day they are used

Question 46

Which kind of QC only uses specific strains of American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) control?

Answer 46

Antimicrobial Susceptibility QC

Question 47

What are the steps in establishing performance monitors?

Answer 47

Plan (Approach) Design (New Process) Measure (Data Collection) Access (Review Data) Improve (Redesign)