Salivary flow and constituents

Question 1

name the 3 pairs of major salivary glands

Answer 1

parotid
submandibular
sublingual

Question 2

what type of secretion does the parotid gland produce?

Answer 2

serous

Question 3

what type of secretion does the submandibular gland produce?

Answer 3

mix
serous mainly
mucous

Question 4

what type of secretion does the sublingual gland produce?

Answer 4

mucous

Question 5

what type of secretion do the minor salivary glands produce?

Answer 5

mucous secretion
except serous glands of Von Ebner

Question 6

where are the serous glands of Von Ebner located?

Answer 6

○ Posterior tongue in clefts of circumvallate and foliate papillae

Question 7

At rest majority of saliva comes from where?

Answer 7

submandibular glands

then parotid, sublingual and minor glands

Question 8

When stimulated the majority of the saliva comes from where?

Answer 8

parotid

then submandibular, sublingual and minor glands.

Question 9

salivary flow

describe the gustatory-salivary reflex

Answer 9

taste of food increases salivary flow, in particular sour

Question 10

salivary flow

describe the masticatory-salivary reflex

Answer 10

salivary flow increases more from the gland on the same side you are chewing on.

ipsilateral

mechanoreceptors in PDL

Question 11

salivary flow

describe the olfactory-salivary reflex

Answer 11

smell stimulates the submandibular gland (not parotid)

Question 12

what are the 2 types of saliva secretion?

Answer 12

serous
mucous

Question 13

serous saliva is mainly produced where?

Answer 13

parotid and submandibular gland

Question 14

mucous saliva is mainly produced where?

Answer 14

sublingual and minor salivary glands
(not serous glands of Von Ebner)

Question 15

functions of saliva
- Protects tissues
- Enhances taste
- Lubricates food
- Speeds up oral clearance of food
- Facilitates removal of carbohydrates
- Neutralises organic acids
- Inhibits demineralisation
- Enhances remineralisation
- Recycles ingested fluoride in the mouth
- Discourages microbial growth
- Proteins sustain enamel surface

Question 16

how does food affect salivary flow rate?

Answer 16

presence of food in the mouth increases salivary flow rate

Question 17

how does smell affect salivary flow rate

Answer 17

smell increases flow

Question 18

how does time affect salivary flow rate?

Answer 18

at night flow reduces

Question 19

how does hydration affect salivary flow rate?

Answer 19

dehydration decreases flow

Question 20

how do drugs affect salivary flow rate?

Answer 20

act on nerves or gland and can affect flow

Question 21

how does age affect salivary flow rate?

Answer 21

flow Increases up to age 15 then stable

Old age doesn’t affect salivary flow but older people tend to take drugs that do

Question 22

remember the size of the gland affects the salivary flow

Question 23

what is xerostomia?

Answer 23

lack of saliva

Question 24

xerostomia can be caused by what? 4

Answer 24

Disease/damage
Medications
Dehydration
During sleep

Question 25

xerostomia can cause what problems? 5

Answer 25

Increase caries Mucosal infections Pain from oral mucosa Difficulty chewing, swallowing and speaking Impaired taste

Question 26

composition of saliva varies from gland to gland and with rate of secretion saliva is mostly composed of what?

Answer 26

H2O

Question 27

name 3 important electrolytes/inorganic compounds in saliva

Answer 27

potassium calcium bicarbonate

Question 28

saliva is hypotonic, what does this mean?

Answer 28

saliva is a relatively dilute solution

Question 29

formed elements (organic) in saliva

Question 30

what component of saliva enables its buffering ability?

Answer 30

bicarbonate

Question 31

bicarbonate is mainly produced where?

Answer 31

major salivary glands

Question 32

how does the concentration of bicarbonate link to flow rate?

Answer 32

Concentration increases with flow rate added in the striated ducts so as flow rate increases, activity increases so more is added to saliva

Question 33

other than bicarbonate what other components of saliva enable its buffering ability?

Answer 33

phosphate and proteins

Question 34

what components of saliva enable it ability to mineralise teeth?

Answer 34

Supersaturated with Ca and PO for growth of hydroxyapatite crystals

Question 35

link concentration of Ca and PO to flow rates

Answer 35

High flow rates increase Ca and PO which Decreases demineralisation Increases remineralisation Increases calculus formation (mineralisation of plaque)

Question 36

what component of saliva enables 1st stage digestion of carbohydrates?

Answer 36

amylase

Question 37

why may amylase be significant for dentistry?

Answer 37

May help in breakdown of starches round the teeth

Question 38

is amylase inactivated in the stomach?

Answer 38

yes

Question 39

what component of saliva enables 1st stage digestion of fat?

Answer 39

lingual lipase

Question 40

where is lingual lipase produced?

Answer 40

minor salivary glands of Von Ebner

Question 41

what is the function of lingual lipase (in a dentistry context)?

Answer 41

Cleaning of taste buds

Question 42

is lingual lipase inactivated in the stomach?

Answer 42

no

Question 43

what is the function of mucins? 3

Answer 43

Provide lubrication and protection to all oral soft tissues Important part in the pellicle that coats teeth aggregation of bacteria

Question 44

what is the function of statherins? 3

Answer 44

Prevent precipitation of Ca and PO from saliva Prevent initial calculus formation (not prevent it growing once formed) Prevent mineralisation within salivary glands

Question 45

what is the antimicrobial action of water in saliva?

Answer 45

cleansing

Question 46

what is the antimicrobial action of mucins in saliva?

Answer 46

aggregation of bacteria

Question 47

what is the antimicrobial action of amylase in saliva?

Answer 47

interferes with bacterial adherence

Question 48

what is the antimicrobial action of lysozymes in saliva?

Answer 48

hydrolyses some bacterial cell walls

Question 49

what is the antimicrobial action of Peroxidase/thiocyanate?

Answer 49

poisons bacteria

Question 50

what is the antimicrobial action of lactoferrin in saliva?

Answer 50

deprives bacteria of iron

Question 51

what is the antimicrobial action of histatins in saliva?

Answer 51

antifungal and antibacterial

Question 52

what is the antimicrobial action of cystatins in saliva?

Answer 52

inhibit tissue-damaging bacterial enzymes