Salivary secretion

Question 1

where does primary saliva secretion occur?

Answer 1

acinus

Question 2

what is primary secretion made up of?

Answer 2

water
Cl-
K+
Na+

Question 3

initial acinar secretion
Acinar cell at rest
? pump -> ? out, ? in -> concentration ?

Answer 3

Na/K
Na
K
gradient

Question 4

initial acinar secretion
acinar cell activated

Increase in membrane permeability to ? -> ? goes into ? and ??

Increase in ? in ?? activates ???? -> ??? go into ?

?? works ? -> no increase in ? concentration

? and ? diffuse from the ? into the ? -> changes the ?

? diffuses ? the ? from ?? to ?

? enters ? from between ? down ??

Answer 4

K
K
lumen
connective tissue

K
connective tissue
Na, K, Cl co-transporter
Na, K, Cl
cell

Na/K pump
harder
Na

Cl
K
cell
lumen
charge

Na
between
cells
connective tissue
lumen

water
lumen
cells
osmotic gradient

Question 5

is initial acinar secretion changed by flow rate?

Answer 5

no

Question 6

ductal modification of primary saliva occurs where?

Answer 6

in the striated ducts

Question 7

Ductal modification of primary saliva in the striated ducts

Conversion from ? (? concentrated) to ? (? concentrated) solution

Answer 7

isotonic
more
hypotonic
less

Question 8

Ductal modification of primary saliva in the striated ducts

Resorption of ? and ?

Answer 8

Na
Cl

Question 9

Ductal modification of primary saliva in the striated ducts

Adds ? (?) and ? to secretion (lumen)

Answer 9

HCO
bicarbonate
K

Question 10

Ductal modification of primary saliva in the striated ducts

Striated duct cell at rest

Impermeable to ?
??
Outside the cell high concentration of ? and ?, and low concentration of ?
Inside the cell high concentration of ? and low concentration of ? and ?

Answer 10

water
Na/K pump
Na
Cl
K
K
Na
Cl

Question 11

Ductal modification of primary saliva in the striated ducts

Striated duct cell activated

Increased ? of ?? -> increase in ? conc. and decrease in ? conc. in the ?

? is pushed into the ? (?) to compensate

? is dragged out of the ? (?) into the ? to compensate

?? removes ?and adds ? into the ? (?)

? buffers ? changes

Answer 11

activity
Na/K pump
K
Na
cell

K
secretion
lumen

Na
secretion
lumen
cell

Cl/HCO pump
Cl
HCO
secretion
lumen

HCO
pH

Question 12

does flow rate affect modification of saliva in the striated ducts?

Answer 12

yes

Question 13

how does low flow rate affect modification of saliva in the striated ducts?

Answer 13

Low flow rates - > more time for passive resorption of Na

Lower Na conc. in saliva

Question 14

how does high flow rates affect modification of saliva in the striated ducts?

Answer 14

less time for resorption of Na
- Higher Na conc. in saliva

If high flow rate, gland activity is high -> Cl/HCO pump works harder
- Increased HCO in saliva

Question 15

most of the organic components of saliva is secreted by what?

Answer 15

acinar cells

Question 16

secretion of organic components of saliva by acinar cells

Synthesis of proteins using ? and ? from ?

Transferred to ?? to make ?

Exocytosis of ?

Answer 16

RER
ATP
mitochondria

golgi aparatus
vesicles

vesicles

Question 17

control of secretion is by the somatic or autonomic nervous system?

Answer 17

autonomic nervous system

Question 18

remember this

Brain/spinal chord -> preganglionic neurone -> ganglion -> postganglionic neurone -> effector organ/tissue

Question 19

what is the function of the parasympathetic nervous system (generally)?

Answer 19

rest and digest

Question 20

parasympathetic nervous system involves neurones from where?

Answer 20

brainstem

Question 21

parasympathetic nervous system has long preganglionic or postganglionic axon?

Answer 21

long preganglionic axon

Question 22

parasympathetic signals activate the glands to produce what kind of secretion?

Answer 22

serous secretions

Question 23

what is the neurotransmitter in parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 23

acetylcholine at synapse and released from postganglionic axon to target tissue

Question 24

what carry parasympathetic signals to the salivary glands

Answer 24

CNVII
CNIX

Question 25

CNIX takes parasympathetic fibres from the ? and ?

To the ? ganglion to lingual minor glands

or

To the otic ganglion to the ? gland

Answer 25

facial nucleus

Inferior salivary nucleus

Remak’s

parotid

Question 26

CNVII takes parasympathetic fibres from the ???

To the ?? to sublingual and submandibular gland

or

To the ?? to palatal minor salivary glands

Answer 26

Superior salivary nucleus

submandibular ganglion

pterygopalatine ganglia

Question 27

parasympathetic control of saliva secretion

? binds to ?receptor which increases permeability of ? increasing ? production of primary saliva and contraction of ??

? is an antagonist causing dry mouth

Answer 27

acetylcholine
muscarinic
K
Acinar
myoepithelial cells

atropine

Question 28

what is the function of the sympathetic nervous system (generally)?

Answer 28

fight or flight

stress response

Question 29

sympathetic signals come from neurones where?

Answer 29

in the spinal chord from T1 to L2

Question 30

sympathetic nervous system has long preganglionic or postganglionic axons?

Answer 30

long postganglionic axons

Question 31

what is the sympathetic neurotransmitter?

Answer 31

at synapse is acetylcholine

Postganglionic axon releases noradrenaline (can be ach also)

Question 32

what does the sympathetic neurotransmitter noradrenaline do?

Answer 32

increase in organic components in saliva

Question 33

sympathetic signals cause glands to produce what kind of secretion?

Answer 33

mucous

Question 34

what is Frey’s syndrome?

Answer 34

Seen after parotid surgery when damage occurs to the auriculotemporal nerve blocking parasympathetics to salivary glands and sympathetics to facial sweat glands. This results in regeneration of nerves where they can be rewired wrong so salivary stimulation e.g. eating activates sweat glands
- Gustatory sweating