Sampling Techniques Of Populations Flashcards
(24 cards)
What is the definition of sampling in research?
Sampling is the process of selecting a subset of individuals from a population to estimate characteristics of the whole population.
True or False: A sample should be representative of the population to ensure valid results.
True
What is the difference between probability sampling and non-probability sampling?
Probability sampling involves random selection, allowing each member of the population a known chance of being included, while non-probability sampling does not involve random selection.
Fill in the blank: In ______ sampling, every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected.
random
What is stratified sampling?
Stratified sampling is a method where the population is divided into subgroups (strata) and random samples are taken from each stratum.
Which sampling technique is used when researchers want to ensure representation of specific subgroups?
Stratified sampling
True or False: Convenience sampling is a type of probability sampling.
False
What is systematic sampling?
Systematic sampling involves selecting every nth individual from a list of the population.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a non-probability sampling method? A) Simple random sampling B) Stratified sampling C) Convenience sampling D) Cluster sampling
C) Convenience sampling
What is cluster sampling?
Cluster sampling involves dividing the population into clusters (usually geographically) and then randomly selecting entire clusters to sample.
Fill in the blank: In ______ sampling, researchers select subjects based on their availability and willingness to participate.
convenience
What is the main advantage of using random sampling?
The main advantage is that it reduces bias and allows for generalization of results to the larger population.
True or False: In quota sampling, researchers must randomly select participants.
False
What is the purpose of oversampling in research?
Oversampling is used to ensure that there are enough participants from a smaller subgroup for analysis.
Multiple Choice: Which sampling method is least likely to produce a representative sample? A) Simple random sampling B) Stratified sampling C) Convenience sampling D) Systematic sampling
C) Convenience sampling
What does the term ‘sampling error’ refer to?
Sampling error refers to the difference between the sample statistic and the actual population parameter due to the randomness of sampling.
Fill in the blank: A sample size that is too small can lead to greater ______ error.
sampling
What is the significance of sample size in research?
Larger sample sizes generally lead to more accurate estimates of population parameters and reduce sampling error.
True or False: Non-probability sampling methods are generally more cost-effective than probability sampling methods.
True
What is the main disadvantage of convenience sampling?
The main disadvantage is that it can introduce significant bias and may not accurately reflect the population.
What is the role of stratification in sampling?
Stratification helps ensure that important subgroups are adequately represented in the sample.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a key characteristic of probability sampling? A) Random selection B) Researcher discretion C) Subjective judgment D) Convenience
A) Random selection
What is purposive sampling?
Purposive sampling is a non-probability sampling technique where subjects are selected based on specific characteristics or criteria.
Fill in the blank: ______ sampling is often used in qualitative research to focus on specific characteristics.
Purposive
