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SAR Flashcards

Includes both 3-50 and NATOPS information. (75 cards)

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1
Q

SAR

SAR Coordinator

A

Rescue coordination centers (RCCs) established worldwide who shall be kept informed of search progress.

3-50: 1.2.2.1

HSM-74 3130: USCG Station Miami

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2
Q

SAR

SAR Mission Coordinator

A
  • SMC designated by SAR coordinator
  • For military search: OTC or unit designated by OTC shall assume SMC
  • Duties outlined in IAMSAR and NSRS

3-50: 1.2.2.2

HSM74 3130: USCG Jacksonville

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3
Q

SAR

On-Scene Commander

A
  • Shall be designated by SMC
  • First unit to arrive on scene or unit with the best capability
  • Duties outlined in IAMSAR and NSRS

3-50: 1.2.2.3

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4
Q

SAR

Considerations when marking the survivor’s position

A
  • Should fuel be evident or suspected in the water, smoke flares should not be used. Flares may ignite the fuel.
  • Use caution not to strike survivor when deploying marking device from aircraft.
  • Avoid dropping smoke flares upwind of survivor as fumes are caustic.
  • Deploy two smoke or sea markers
  • DIFAR sonobuoy may be used to mark survivors by maritime patrol aircraft. Tune RF 15 and use directions finder.

3-50: 1.3.2

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5
Q

SAR

Multiple Rescue Decision

A

The RS stays in the water to recover all survivors prior to being recovered. Decision to do so should consider:
- Sea State
- Visibility
- Location of/ distance between survivors

The crew should consider recovering or short hauling the RS between multiple survivors if:
- Sea state is greater than 2
- Night/IMC
- More than 25 yards between survivors

3-50: 1.3.4

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6
Q

SAR

Considerations with a parachute

A
  1. With a parachute in the rescue area it shall be approached no closer than one rotor-diameter width outside the rotor wash.
    This could cause inflating or sinking.
  2. Place the survivor at the 3 o’clock position. This helps with sight of the survivor and keeps the parachute out of the way of the RS.
  3. Shall not direct deploy. (1.3.6: Warning)

3-50: 1.3.5

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7
Q

SAR

Rescue swimmer deployment considerations and requirements

A

The RS shall enter the water in all cases except when the HAC determines that the circumstances will endanger the RS unnecessarily.

3-50 (PDFS):
- Preditors
- Debris
- Fire
- Sea state

NATOPS (TSPS):

  • Temperature of water
  • Survivor condition
  • Proximity to other units
  • Sea State

3-50: 1.3.6
NATOPS: 9.2.2.3

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8
Q

SAR

When shall the RS be deployed via the hoist? When is it recommended?

A

Required:
- Night / IMC / Low-visibility
- If any other hazards exist in the vicinity
- At discretion of HAC

Recommended:

  • In Douglas Sea State of 3 or greater (NATOPS)

3-50: 1.3.6 Warning

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9
Q

SAR

What happens after the command “RIG FOR RESCUE”?

A

HO and RS unbuckle from seats and immediately don gunner’s belts. RS dresses out while HO rigs for rescue:

  • Don heavy-duty hoisting gloves
  • Prepare smoke markers
  • Ensure rescue hoist is armed and operational
  • Prepare rescue equipment as needed
  • Open cabin door
    Night:
  • All rescue equipment must be properly illuminated with chem lights
  • The RS, rescue strop, and rescue hook shall be illuminated by a chem light

3-50: 1.3.6.1 & 1.3.6.2 para.4

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10
Q

What happens after the command “STANDBY TO DEPLOY SWIMMER”?

A
  • HO shall maintain a hold on RS’s harness with one hand, and with the other, signal the RS to release crewman safety belt by tapping RS once on the chest.
  • RS will give a thumbs up to the HO when ready to deploy.
  • “SWIMMER READY” after final inspection of RS

3-50: 1.3.6.1 para. 8-10

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11
Q

SAR

Where shall the PAC establish the aircraft for swimmer free fall deployments in heavy sea states?

A

in a 15-foot hover above the crest of the waves

1.3.6.1 note

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12
Q

SAR

On the PAC’s third “JUMP” command, the HO operator shall…

A
  • Check the area clear of debris
  • Tap the RS three times on the shoulder

1.3.6.1 para. 13

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13
Q

SAR

During high wind/havy sea states what is an alternative to DD?

A

During high wind/heavy sea states the RS’s options and/or mobility should not be sacrificed. Attempts at keeping the rescue swimmer attached to the hoist cable will restrict the RS’s movements and impose an entanglement hazard. If the RS is unable to sever all connections with the aircraft they may become entangled or dragged.

The RS may hold the rescue strop if the survivor is nearby or there is a high sea state. The RS will pass their arm through the loop created by the strop.

1.3.6.2 Warning/Note

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14
Q

SAR

What is required in the event of loss of visual contact with the RS and/or survivor?

A

HAC shall cycle the flood/hover light and the RS and/or survivor shall illuminate the strobe light or MK-124 Mod 0 flare.

3-50: 1.3.6.2 Warning

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15
Q

SAR

Direct Deployment

A

The rescue swimmer is deployed via the hoist and doesn’t unhook from the rescue hook.

Rescue Swimmer is wearing the Tri-SAR harness with a quickstrop.
Shall only be used when crew determines it to be the best method of recovery

(SO SWISH)
NATOPS

Used when
- Sea state
- Obstacles
Prohibit the swimmer from safely approaching the survivor

3-50:
- Surf zone
- Winds (high)
- Ice
- Swift water
- Heavy seas

Constraints:
- Shall not be used if survivor is entangled in a parachute
- Should not be used on ejected survivors
- Should not be used on combative survivors

During the DD, the RS shouid be placed no farther than 2-3 feet from the survivor. This can be accomplished by stopping the RS approximately 10’ above the water and directing the pilot into position.

3-50: 1.3.8

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16
Q

SAR

Define physical grip

A
  • RS engages the survivor without using a recovery device
  • RS and survivor never hoist higher than an altitude necessary during the entire repositioning/transport evolution

3-50: 1.3.9

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17
Q

SAR

When is the “Physical Grip” procedure used?

A
  • When traditional DD means would cause undue danger to the swimmer in initial contact area
  • Swimmer cannot be recovered without compromising a stable position of recovery
  • Shall only be used when crew has determined that it is the safest method of extracting survivor from the extreme point of recovery site.
  • Used for REPOSITIONING ONLY, no hoist greater than 10’ over water

1.3.9 Note

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18
Q

SAR

The rescue strop is primarily used on ___________________.

A
  • non-aviator / civilian survivors
  • uninjured personnel

3-50: 1.4.2

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19
Q

SAR

The collapsible rescue basket is the preferred rescue device for…

A
  • Survivors (military and civilian) with injuries that do not require a litter
  • Frail/elderly survivors
  • Small framed survivors
    It is designed for lifting one survivor at a time

3-50: 1.4.3

AKA The McCauley Basket

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20
Q

SAR

The rescue net is used as a rescue device primary for…

A

multiple survivors (up to 2)

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21
Q

SAR

The rescue seat is primarily used for…

A

Self-recovery of aviators without the assistance of a RS

WARNING: Only one survivor, or one survivor accompanied by a RS, shall be hoisted at one time.

1.4.5.3

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22
Q

SAR

Trail line assembly

What is it used for?
What are it’s subcomponents?
How is it deployed?

A

Used in conjunction with the MEDEVAC litter

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23
Q

SAR

What is the color coding for properly connecting the rescue litter sling assemblies to the Stokes litter?

A

Red – head
White – feet

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24
Q

SAR

Hover position for Stokes litter recovery

A

No closer than one rotor diameter outside the rotor wash area. Keep the RS at the 3 o clock position to minimize oscillations.

3-50: 1.4.6

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25
# SAR Which way does the litter enter the cabin? How is the trail line recovered?
Litter should enter the cabin feet first. HO recovers trail line hand-over-hand
26
# SAR What is the recommended altitude/airspeed for deploying a multiplace life raft (MPLR)?
10/10 or 15/0 Note: Life rafts are neutrally buoyant (float about 1' under the water). Consider attaching an inflated life vest and chem lights to the raft to help survivor in locating it. | 1.6 Note
27
# SAR What procedure is used for a jammed hoist?
1. Attempt to lower the Survivor/RS back into the water with a slight descent. 2. If unable: The Chicago Grip -Feed the gunner's belt _Aft to forward_ due to the close proximity of the RH boom to the No.2 engine intake. -Create slack in the hoist and attach the cable grip ## Footnote 3-50: 1.8.2 Note
28
# SAR Altitude/airspeed following jammed hoist procedures
During transit, it is recommended that the personnel on the RH be no _higher than 30' AGL and no faster than single engine airspeed_. | 3-50: 1.8.2 Note
29
# SAR What procedure is used if the Rescue hoist was severed?
If sufficient cable remains, utilize the quick splice. | 3-50: 1.8.3
30
# SAR What is the procedure to cut the cable, if able?
- Use strong tape and tightly wind it around the desired area to be cut - Cut cable directly below the tape | 3-50: 1.8.3
31
# SAR The hoist quick splice plate may not engage the ______________.
RH upper limit switch. Separation of the quick splice / RH cable is possible when the quick splice plate assembly reaches the upper limit switch of the RH. | 3-50: 1.8.4 Warning
32
# SAR When is the rescue boat the best choice as the SRU?
- Recovery of a noncompliant survivor - Large number of survivors - < 300' or lower overcast / 1-mile vis | 2.1.1 & 2.6
33
Name the two hoisting methods used during surface vessel MEDEVAC
1. Plumb hover - hover over transfer point and use RH 2. Trail Line - port side hover using litter and trail line | 2.10.4
34
List the three approaches used by the RS
1. Rear surface - most common 2. Front surface - unconscious survivors 3. Noncompliant - panicked survivor | 3.2
35
An unconscious survivor is assumed to have what injuries?
injury to head, neck, or back
36
Aircrew who eject from aircraft are presumed to have _________ injuries.
spinal
37
The following conditions **shall** be met before the survivor is considered safe:
(SAFE) 1. _Signal device_ - if at night, RS should attached lighting device to survivor 2. _Apparent life-threatening injuries_ - survivor is breathing with no immediate, life-threatening injuries 3. _Floatation_ - survivor wearing operable floatation or is in life raft 4. _Entanglement_ - free of entanglement and not attached to parachute
38
Two categories of noncompliant survivors
1. Panicked - desires to be rescued but is in an uncomfortable or unfamiliar environment 2. Combative - may not initially desire to be rescued and may actively resist assistance
39
Combative survivor procedures / considerations
- RS **shall not** be deployed to recover enemy or hostile survivors armed with weapons. - Direct deployment should not be used - Rescue boat is the preferred SRU. If using RS, consider help from rescue boat or second RS.
40
Helicopter recovery of an enemy or hostile survivor should only be used under conditions of _____________________.
operational necessity
41
From RS deployment to survivor recovery, how long does it take for a Stokes litter recovery?
_10-30 minutes_ depending on environmental conditions and proficiency of RS
42
List the 5 overland SAR rescue methods
1. Landing to effect a rescue 2. Landing via one or two wheels 3. Rescue via hoist 4. Rappelling, short haul 5. Direct deployment
43
Gear required for rescue by landing
1. Hand-held radio 2. Level A/B SAR med kit 3. Litter
44
Short-haul airspeed restriction
40 KIAS
45
When is the RS helmet required?
1. At night 2. Douglas sea state of 3 or more 3. Debris in water
46
Fully rigged, how much does the SAR MEDEVAC litter weigh?
40 lbs.
47
The _hoisting vest_ is used for...
shipboard transfer of personnel, NOT for water rescues
48
List the components of the _SAR curtain_
Lights - 6 HI chem lights - 6 GP chem lights - 3 electric sea markers - 3 chem light straps Air crew - 3 gunner's belts - 1 heavy duty hoisting gloves - PRC 149 radio Cable - 1 cable grip - 1 cable cutter - 1 quick splice Rescue accessories - Litter sling assembly - Trail line assembly - Rescue strop - Quick strop
49
List the components of the _raft bag_
- 5 LRU-1 / SRU-37 - 3 LPU-32 - 3 cranial - 2 wool blankets
50
What emergency is the cable grip used for? What is it rated to?
The cable grip is attached to the aircrew gunner's belt to take the weight of the hoist load off the hoist brake assembly during a hoist failure. The cable grip is capable of supporting 1,000 lbs. Used in conjunction with a gunner's belt to make the _Chicago grip_.
51
What type of chem lights do we have?
- 6 hour general purpose in 4" (green) - 12 hour general purpose in 6" (green) - 30-min high intensity (yellow)
52
What does the trail line assembly consist of? P
- 120' of 3/8" polyethylene or polypropylene rope - A weak link with 450 lbs of breaking strength - 5 lb shot bag - V-straps
53
What survival items are on the LPU-32/P? How much buoyancy does it provide?
Survival items: - Sea-dye marker - Whistle - Chem light Buoyancy = minimum 40 lbs.
54
MK-25 Smoke
- 10-20 minute burn time - Day or night use - **Shall not** be launched in a hover because the valve plug could strike aircraft or personnel
55
MK-58 Smoke
- 45 minute burn time, minimum - Day or night use - Do not fly low over burning Mk 58, flame can occasionally eject up to 50’
56
SDU-36/N Marine Marker light
- Light operates by an automatic gravity switch so that when upright (lens up), the light is ON. Inverted the light is OFF.
57
Minimum helicopter SAR equipment
- SAR curtain contents - Raft bag contents - Level A med kit - Litter
58
Additional required SAR equipment for _overwater_
- 2x MK-58 smokes - 4x MK-25 smokes OR 6x MK-58 smokes - 3x marine marker lights - 3x LPUs - 1x electronic datum-marking device
59
If a medical facility is out of visual range of the rescue scene, the following should be considered before leaving RS on scene: (SAR LH)
- SRUs enroute or on-scene - Acquire visually based on environment (able to reacquire RS and survivors when returning) - Radio comms with RS operable - Life rafts available - Hypothermia
60
Hydrostatic squeeze
Constriction of the respiratory system in response to hypothermia. Added stress to the body of being hoisted by the rescue strop allows gravity to take the blood pooled in the chest and head and disperse it to the extremities. This can/will send survivor into respiratory and/or cardiac arrest. Consider using a method of recovery that maintains a horizontal or near horizontal position.
61
After drop
Cold blood from extremities gets suddenly reintroduced to the body's core, and drops the body's core temp below level needed to sustain life.
62
How should you recover and transport hypothermic survivors?
Recovery: - Rescue basket - Litter - DD double lift Transport: - Horizontal / face-up position - Remove wet clothing - Wrap in wool blankets and reflective casualty blanket
63
Aircraft position during DD once swimmer is in the water
RS/survivor at the helos 2 o'clock position
64
What are the two types of rescue hoists? What are their variable speeds?
Breeze-Eastern -- *0-215fpm* Lucas-Western -- *0-250fpm*
65
What weights are the rescue hoist *brake, boom, and hook* rated to?
brake = 600 lbs. boom = 1000 lbs. hook = 3000 lbs.
66
How many feet of useable cable does the rescue hoist have? What is different about the first and last 20' of cable?
the hoist contains 200' of useable cable the first and last 20' are bright orange to warn of end approaching
67
From the cockpit, the pilots can control the rescue hoist at a fixed speed of what?
100 fpm
68
In backup control power, the hoist is controlled at a fixed speed of what? What do you lose in backup control?
85 fpm the limit switches are inoperative in backup control
69
What function do the limit switches for the rescue hoist serve?
whenever the hoist is raised or lowered at a speed exceeding 50 fpm, it will automatically decelerate to 50 fpm approx. 10' from full-up or 5' from full-down
70
Double Lift
- Used when recovering a hypothermic or potentially hypothermic survivor - Expedient alternative to the litter - Rescue strop used in conjunction with the quick strop to hoist survivor in semi-supine position
71
Helo-to-Ship trail line hoisting procedures
- Starboard to port approach for a portside hover - On approach, drag weighted trail line into grasp of deck personnel - Hover twice as high as the horizontal distance - 10-20 deg relative winds favorable - Used when the Plumb Hover method would be extremely hazardous
72
Plumb Hover
- Hover over the transfer point of ship - Not necessary to use trail line as helo will be directly over the deck
73
*3130*: NAS Jax SAR operating area
- NAS Jax - NS Mayport - OLF Whitehouse - Camp Blanding - Rodman (R-2906) - Pinecastle (R-2910) - Warning Areas 157, 158, 159 **Max radius not to exceed 100 NM over water beyond the coastline.**
74
*3130*: MEDEVAC of Rescued Personnel
All military personnel should be delivered to NAS Jacksonville. Only life threatening MEDEVAC patients should be flown onto civilian hospital landing pads. NAS Jax Hospital will accept civilian patients as a humanitarian service.
75
#SAR SAR Safety precautions
ASIAP DOGGI RATS SHREB - The rescue hoist cable must be kept clear of all parts of the aircraft and free from other external obstacles when operating the hoist. Cable **abrasion** during hoist operations can lead to cable failure. If cable contact or snagging occurs, suspend hoist operations and inspec the cable for damage in accordance with applicable procedures. - Helicopters create **static** electricity that must be discharged by grounding the hoist on the surface prior to commencing a pickup. The surface immediately in the vicinity of the crash site may be covered with fuel. Avoid discharging static charge or deploying smoke markers in that zone. - Swimmer shall not be required to enter the water to effect the recovery of **inanimate** objects. - With starboard **aux tank** installed, hoisting devices, including rescue swimmer/survivor and litter may contact the forward part of the fuel tank, potentially causing equipment damage and personnel injury. - If a **Parachute** remains in the area of the survivor, maintain a minimum of 1 rotor diameter seperation between parachute canopy and rotor downwash. - Personnel hoist shall not be attempted with a **damaged** hoist cable. - There shall be a hoist **operator** in the cabin if swimmer is deployed - The hoist operator shall wear heavy duty **gloves** during all rescue hoist operations. - Any time the cabin door is open during flight, all occupants of the cabin shall remain strapped in a seat. The crewman's safety harness **(Gunner's Belt)** shall be thoroughly checked for secure attachment to the airframe. - If a lost **ICS** situation occurs during a SAR evolution, the copilot shall be notified and advisory hand signals/CREW HVR used as discussed in the brief. - Swimmer and survivor on hoist may oscillate underneath aircraft during recovery, which may result in **RAD ALT** hold disengagement. Any aggressive collective inputs to stop descent/ascent rate may cause injury to people on the hoist. - Search and hover **altitudes** should be determined by existing conditions. Recommended altitude for commencing an approach is 150' and hovering is 70'. Adjustment of hover altitudes is acceptable (40-90 feet recommended). Prolonged low overwater hover with little to no headwind should be avoided due to salt ingestion. - While operating in a salt spray environment for any period of time, a **TGT** rise of 20C or more for a constant torque is an indication of engine performance degredation and possible salt encrustation. A TGT rise of greater than 40C for a constant torque is an indication of engine performance degradatioin that may result in compressor stalls. - During the pickup phase of the rescue, the PAC shall keep the survivor on the **starboard** side of the aircraft to allow the aircrewman to complete the pickup. Sharp edges- Mk-58 Hover-Mk-25 red phosphorus- Both Ejecting 2nd candle- Mk-58 BatteryMk-58 | NATOPS 9.2.2.1

HAC (31 decks)

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