SARS-COV2 Flashcards
70% of cases of which infection result from noscocomial infection?
MERS-COV
OC43, 229E, NL-63 and HKU-1 are examples of?
coronaviruses that have affected humans
caused common colds
SARS and MERS are examples of?
zoonotic coronaviruses
what type of virus is coronavirus?
single stranded positive sense RNA
very large RNA genomes… 30kb!
how is the coronavirus genome split up?
2/3rd of the encodes the replication genes – nsps 1-16- many unknown functions, some accessory.
The last 1/3 encodes essential structural proteins and some more accessary proteins.
What product of the coronavirus genome is very unusual for an RNA virus?
Nsp14 is a proof reading exonuclease - very unusual for an RNA virus.
SARS and SARS CoV2 bind to cells via ___?
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2)
binds using its spike 1,2 proteins
name the gene encoding the host proteases that cleaves the spike protein to activate it in two places?
TMPRSS2;
Transmembrane Serine Protease 2 is a Protein Coding gene
Two virally encoded proteases that Could be targets for antivirals?
PLPro and M pro
The most likely origin of SARS CoV2 is:
CoV with 96% similarity to SARS CoV2 has been found in Pangolins.
which other animal is a huge reservoir of coronaviruses?
bats
which 3 factors are involved in COV fidelity ;the degree of exactness with which something is copied or reproduced?
Spike 2 protein
viral enzymes
structural proteins
which 3 factors are involved in COV gene modulation
Spike 1
non structural proteins - eg nsp14
accessory proteins
when infected with sars cov2 / cover 19 how long until one is Virus positive and infectious
day 3
when infected with sars cov2 / cover 19 how long until one is not infectious?
8 days since infection
but will still be virus positive here
risk factors for covid19?
Age
Sex
Comorbidities: obesity, diabetes cardiac disease
Exposure: public facing jobs, HCWs, crowded housing conditions
Genetics: ABO blood group; innate immune factors
what diagnostic options are there for Covdi19?
Antigen tests
- detect viral RNA using RT-PCR
- too sensitive?
- need lab processing
Antibody tests
- ELISA, LFIA
- needs 21 days for antibody repsonse
Name 4 drugs that may be used in ITU for covid patients?
Dexamethasone, a steroid
Remdesivir a nucleoside analogue
Favipiravir
Toculizimab, an IL6 antibody
which study found the evidence for Dex?
RECOVERY Trial
name 1 vaccine for covid19 use?
none available
the imperial college and Oxford vaccines are based on which covid19 component?
how do they work?
S protein
limited replication but Can induce cellular response
name 1 nutation in cov2 that may have optimized interaction with ACE2 to enhance transmissibility?
what did it affect?
D614G mutation
affected the spike protein
