SAS 6 Flashcards
(89 cards)
1
Q
bones of the center, or axis, of the body make up the axial skeleton
bones of head and trunk
forms longitudinal axis of body
has 80 bones
A
Axial Skeleton
2
Q
has 80 bones (Axial Skeleton)
A
- Skull
- Bones associated with the skull
- Thoracic cage
- Vertebral column
3
Q
8 cranial bones and 14 facial bones
A
Skull
4
Q
6 auditory ossicles (ear bones) and hyoid bone
A
Bones associated with the skull
5
Q
sternum and 24 ribs
A
Thoracic cage
6
Q
24 vertebrae, sacrum, and coccyx
A
Vertebral column
7
Q
functions of Axial Skeleton
A
- supports and protects organs in body cavities
- provides points of attachment for muscles that
- adjust positions of head, neck, and trunk
- perform breathing movements
- stabilize parts of appendicular skeleton
8
Q
the bones of the upper and lower extremities of appendages make up the ________
- bones that support the limbs
A
Appendicular Skeleton
9
Q
parts of axial skeleton
A
- Skull
- Spine
- Thorax
- Hyoid bone
10
Q
8 bones that form the cranium
- including calvaria (skullcap)
- enclose cranial cavity, containing the brain
A
Skull
11
Q
14 bones that form the face
- protect and support entrances to digestive and respiratory tracts
A
Skull
12
Q
6 tiny bones in the middle ear
- the auditory ossicles
- three tiny bones in tympanic cavity (middle ear)
- transfer sound vibrations from tympanic membrane (eardrum) to internal ear
A
Skull
13
Q
provide protection for the brain and organs of vision, taste, hearing, equilibrium, and smell
also provide attachment for muscles that move the head and control facial expressions and chewing
A
Skull
14
Q
Skull (number of)
A
- 8 bones that form the cranium
- 14 bones that form the face
- 6 tiny bones in the middle ear
15
Q
protects the spinal cord
consist of a series of separate bones, or vertebrae, connected in such a way that they form a flexible curved rod
A
Spine
16
Q
provides support for the head and trunk of the body, protection for the spinal cord, and connecting points for the ribs and muscles
supports the head and body
A
Spine
17
Q
a series of separate bones
A
vertebrae
18
Q
bones of spine
A
26 bones
- 24 vertebrae, the sacrum, and the coccyx
19
Q
five vertebral regions:
A
- cervical vertebrae
- thoracic vertebrae
- lumbar vertebrae
- sacrum
- coccyx
20
Q
- small body (support only head)
- large vertebral foramen (largest part of spinal cord)
- concave superior surface
- anterior edge is inferior to posterior edge
A
cervical vertebrae
21
Q
largest part of spinal cord
A
large vertebral foramen
22
Q
- have heart-shaped bodies
- larger bodies and relatively smaller vertebral foramina than those in cervical vertebrae
- long, slender spinous process
- dorsolateral surfaces of body have costal facets
- articulate with heads of ribs
A
thoracic vertebrae
23
Q
- largest vertebrae
- thick, oval-shaped bodies
- no costal facets or transverse costal facets
- triangular vertebral foramen
- superior articular processes face medially
- inferior articular processes face laterally
- slender transverse processes project dorsolaterally
- massive spinous processes
- for attachment of lower back muscles
A
lumbar vertebrae
24
Q
- articulates with the coccyx
- curved, more so in males than in females
- protects reproductive, urinary, and digestive organs
- attaches axial skeleton to pelvic girdle, broad muscles that move the thigh
A
sacrum
25
the adult sacrum consists of __________, fusion occurs between ________
- five fused sacral vertebrae
- puberty and ages 25–30, leaving transverse lines
26
attaches ligaments and a constricting muscle of the anus
coccyx
27
mature coccyx consists of
three to five fused coccygeal vertebrae
28
12 pairs of ribs, the sternum (breastbone), and the thoracic vertebrae from the bone
Thorax
29
each of the 12 pairs of ribs is attached ________ to a vertebra
posteriorly
30
all ribs except the lower two pairs are attached to the sternum and so have anterior and posterior anchors
Thorax
31
- the skeleton of the chest
- ribs and sternum form rib cage
Thorax
32
protects organs of the thoracic cavity including heart, lungs, and thymus
provides attachment for muscles involved in breathing, maintaining position of vertebral column, and moving pectoral girdles
thoracic cage
33
12 pairs of long, curved, flat bones
extending from thoracic vertebrae
Ribs
34
two types of ribs
- true ribs
- false ribs
35
- vertebrosternal ribs
- connected to sternum by costal cartilages
true ribs
36
- do not attach directly to sternum
- connect only to vertebrae and muscles of body wall
37
flat bone in anterior midline of thoracic wall
Sternum (breastbone)
38
three parts of the sternum
manubrium
body
xiphoid process
39
the only bone that does not articulate with another bone
located in the neck, isolated from all the other bones
Hyoid Bone
40
connected by ligaments to the styloid process of the temporal bones
makes up a superior aspect of the larynx
Hyoid bone
41
supports the larynx
attaches muscles of larynx, pharynx, and tongue
serves as a moveable base for the tongue
Hyoid bone
42
Upper seven vertebrae
Cervical vertebrae
43
Next 12 vertebrae; ribs attach to these
Thoracic Vertebrae
44
Next 5 vertebrae; located in the small of back
Lumbar Vertebrae
45
In child: 5 separate vertebrae
In adult: fused into one
Sacrum
46
In child: 3-5 separate vertebrae
In adult: fused into one
Coccyx
47
- includes 60 percent of bones in the body
- allows us to move and manipulate objects
Appendicular Skeleton
48
includes:
bones of limbs
supporting bone girdles
Appendicular Skeleton
49
Upper Extremities
- PECTORAL (SHOULDER) GIRDLE
- UPPER LIMB
50
- connects each arm to the body
- movements position the shoulder joint and provide a basis for arm movement
- connects with the axial skeleton only at the manubrium
PECTORAL (SHOULDER) GIRDLE
51
each two shoulder girdles consist of two bones:
- S-shaped clavicle (collarbones)
- Scapula (shoulder blades)
52
- articulates with the sternum and the scapula
- originate at the manubrium (sternal end)
- articulate with the scapulae (acromial end)
S-shaped clavicle (collarbones)
53
- broad, flat triangles
- articulate with humerus and clavicle
- anterior surface depression is subscapular fossa
Scapula (shoulder blades)
54
consists of bones of the:
- arms (arm = shoulder to elbow)
- forearms
- wrists
- hands
Upper limb
55
- the only bone in the arm (brachium)
- extends from scapula to elbow
Humerus
56
consists of two long bones:
- Ulna (medial)
- Radius (lateral)
Forearm (antebrachium)
57
- fibrous sheet
- connects lateral margin of ulna to radius
interosseous membrane
58
Bones of wrists and hands
- eight carpal bones
- metacarpals
- phalanges (finger bones)
59
eight carpal bones
- four proximal carpal bones
- four distal carpal bones
- allow wrist to bend and twist
60
- the five long bones of the hand
- numbered I–V from lateral to medial
- articulate with proximal phalanges
metacarpals
61
phalanges (finger bones)
- pollex (thumb)
* has two phalanges (proximal, distal)
- each of the other four fingers
* has three phalanges (proximal, middle, distal)
62
LOWER EXTREMITIES
- PELVIC (HIP) GIRDLE
- LOWER LIMB
63
- transfers the weight of the upper body to the legs
- attaches to lower limbs
- strong to bear body weight and provide mobility
- part of the pelvis
PELVIC (HIP) GIRDLE
64
PELVIC (HIP) GIRDLE
consists of two hip bones:
coxal bones or pelvic bones
65
each hip bone consists of three fused bones:
- Ilium
- Ischium
- Pubis
66
together with sacrum and coccyx, the pelvic girdle firms an…..
bowl-shaped regio, the pelvis, that protects internal reproductive organs, the urinary bladder, and the lower part of the digestive tract
67
- consists of two hip bones, sacrum and coccyx
- stabilized by ligaments of pelvic girdle, sacrum, and lumbar vertebrae
Pelvis
68
- broader, smoother, and lighter
- less-prominent markings
- shallower iliac fossa
- wider pelvic outlet
- triangular obturator foramen
female pelvis
69
thigh, leg and foot constitute this limb
bones of this are considerably larger and stronger than comparable bones of the upper limbs because the lower limbs must support the entire weight of the body while walking running or jumping
LOWER LIMB
70
functions of the lower limbs:
- weight bearing
- movement
71
distal portion of limb (from knee to ankle)
leg
72
bones of the lower limbs:
- femur (in thigh)
- patella (kneecap)
- tibia and fibula (in leg)
- tarsal bones
- metatarsals
- phalanges
73
longest, heaviest bone in body
femur (in thigh)
74
articulates with hip bone at acetabulum, attaches with ligament at fovea capitis
head (epiphysis)
75
joins shaft at an angle of about 125 degrees
neck
76
- large sesamoid bone
- forms within tendon of quadriceps femoris
- quadriceps tendon attaches near base
- patellar ligament attaches apex to tibia
patella (kneecap)
77
bound together by interosseous membrane
tibia and fibula (in leg)
78
- large, medial, weight-bearing bone of leg
- medial and lateral tibial condyles
- articulate with medial and lateral condyles of femur
- separated by intercondylar eminence
tibia (shinbone)
79
- small, lateral bone of leg
- head articulates with tibia at lateral tibial condyle
- no articulation with femur
- attaches muscles of feet and toes
fibula
80
ankle (tarsus) consists of seven ________
tarsal bones
81
seven tarsal bones:
- talus
- calcaneus (heel bone)
- cuboid
- navicular
- medial cuneiform
- intermediate cuneiform
- lateral cuneiform
- cuboid and cuneiform bones articulate with metatarsals
82
transfers weight from tibia across trochlea
talus
83
- largest tarsal bone
- transfers weight from talus to ground
- attaches calcaneal tendon (Achilles tendon)
calcaneus (heel bone)
84
articulates with calcaneus
cuboid
85
articulates with talus and three cuneiform bones
navicular
86
- five long bones of foot
- numbered I–V, medial to lateral
- articulate with proximal phalanges
metatarsals
87
14 bones of the toes
phalanges
88
hallux (great toe)
has two phalanges (proximal, distal)
89
each of the other four toes
has three phalanges (proximal, middle, distal)
