Saturday Flashcards
What are the by-products of MAO and COMT enzymatic activity on DA, NE, and epi?
- DA
- Homovanillic acid (HVA)
- NE
- Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA)
- Epi
- Metanephrine
What are the common locations for tophi in gout patients?
- External ear (most common)
- Olecranon bursa
- Achilles tendon
What drugs can be used to reverse neuromuscular blockade post-surgically?
Cholinesterase Inhibitors (Increases ACh lvls)
Classically: Neostigmine
What psychiatric disorder arises from increased NE?
Anxiety
Mania
What psychiatric disorder arises from decreased ACh?
Alzheimers Disease
Degeneration of basal nucleus of Meynert
What is the result of blocking the Mesocortical Pathway?
(Dopaminergic pathway)
Increases negative symptoms of schizophrenia (Depression, social withdrawal)
What is the result of blocking the Mesolimbic Pathway?
(Dopaminergic pathway)
Relieves positive symptoms of Schizophrenia
What is the result of blocking the Nigrostriatal Pathway?
Parkinson’s Disease
What is the result of blocking the Tuberoinfundibular Pathway?
(Dopaminergic Pathway)
Increased Prolactin secretion => Hypogonadism
Could cause gynecomastia and galactorrhea
What effect will stimulating M2 receptors have on HR?
Decrease HR
What psychiatric disorder arises from decreased NE?
Depression
What other pathology are patients who have seizures with aura at risk for?
Stroke
What is Williams Syndrome?
- Mutation
- Microdeletion of long arm of chromosome 7
- Symptoms
- Elfin facies
- Intellectual disability
- Extreme friendliness
- Hypercalcemia
- 2nd to increased sensitivity to Vit D
- ***Think of Will Ferrell in “Elf”
- Elfin facies
- Extreme friendliness
- Acts like he is 7 (deletion of long arm of chromosome 7)
What serum lab marker is helpful in assessing the appropriate oxygenation of tissues?
Lactic Acid
(if high, tissue not adequately oxygenated)
What would you suspect as a cause of headache in a patient using topical retinoic acid for acne?
Pseudotumor cerebri
(can be caused by Vit A toxicity)
