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STEP 1 > Thursday > Flashcards

Thursday Flashcards

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1
Q

What 5 classes of medications are used to treat glaucoma?

A
  • alpha agonists
  • beta blockers
  • Prostaglandins (F2-alpha)
  • Diuretics
    • Acetazolamide, Loop
  • Cholinomimetics
    • Pilocarpine, physostigmine
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2
Q

What nerve is damaged in a patient who presents with loss of forearm pronation?

A

Median nerve

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3
Q

What nerve is damaged in a patient who presents with weak external rotation of arm?

A

Suprascapular n.

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4
Q

What nerve is damaged in a patient who presents with loss of wrist extention?

A

Radial n.

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5
Q

What treatments are used to treat Crohn’s Disease?

A
  • 5-ASA agents (Sulfasalazine)
    • initial therapy
    • anti-inflammatory
  • Azathioprine
    • Anti-inflammatory
  • Anti-TNF agents
    • infliximab
    • adalimumab
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6
Q

What is the treatment for Diverticulitis?

A

Metronidazole (Covers anaerobes)

+

TMP-SMX or Fluoroquinolone

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7
Q

What is the treatment for most Chlamydia and Chlamydophila species infections?

A

Azithromycin (preferred)

Doxycycline

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8
Q

What infections are caused by Chlamydia and Chlamydophilia species?

A
  • C. trachomatis:
    • PID
    • Urethritis
    • Follicular conjunctivities
    • Reactive Arthritis
  • C. pneumoniae and C. psittaci
    • Atypical Pneumonia
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9
Q

Which bacteria are known for forming spores?

A
  • Bacillus
    • anthracis
    • cereus
  • Clostridium
    • perfringens
    • difficil
    • tetani
    • botulinum
  • Coxiella burnetii
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10
Q

What cocktail of medications is commonly taken by patients suffering from severe cirrhosis?

A
  • Diuretics
  • Beta-blockers
    • Propanolol or nadalol
  • Vitamin K
    • Promote coagulation
  • Lactulose
    • Treat encephalopathy
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11
Q

What is the function of MacConkey’s agar?

A
  1. Isolate gram (-) organisms
  2. Determine lactose fermenters
    • fermentation = pink
    • none = white
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12
Q

To which lymph nodes does the rectum drain?

A

Internal Iliac

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13
Q

What are the possible causes of increased Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)?

A
  • Obstructive Hepatobiliary Disease
  • HCC
  • Bone disease
    • Paget’s
    • Cancer
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14
Q

What are the possible causes of increased serum amylase?

A
  • Acute pancreatitis
  • Mumps
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15
Q

What are the possible causes of decreased ceruloplasmin?

A

Wilson Disease

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16
Q

What are the possible casues of increased gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)?

A
  • Liver disease
  • Biliary disease
  • Alcohol use
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17
Q

What are the possible causes on increased serum lipase?

Study These Flashcards
A

Acute pancreatitis

18
Q

How can you whether ascites is caused by right heart failure or Budd-Chiari syndrome?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • R-HF
    • jugular venous distention
  • Budd-Chiari
    • no JVD
19
Q

What is the treatment for Wilson Disease?

Study These Flashcards
A

Penicillamine

“Think of pennies, which are made of copper”

20
Q

What is the treatment for hemochromatosis?

Study These Flashcards
A

Phlebotomy

Deferoxamine (chelator)

Deferasirox

“-fer-“

21
Q

What are the levels of copper and ceruloplasmin in Wilson Disease?

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A

Increased copper

Decreased Ceruloplasmin

(Disease = failure of copper to enter circulation as ceruloplasmin)

22
Q

What are the levels of the following in hemachromatosis?

  • Ferritin
  • Iron
  • TIBC
  • Transferrin saturation
Study These Flashcards
A
  • Ferritin = increased
  • Iron = increased
  • TIBC = decreased
  • Transferrin saturation = increased
23
Q

Which Abs are present in type I Autoimmune hepatitis?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • ANA
  • anti-smooth muscle Ab
24
Q

Which Abs are present in Type II Autoimmune Hepatitis?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Anti-liver-kidney microsomal Ab
  • Anti-liver cytosol Ab
25
What excitatory neurotransmitter is involved in pain?
Substance P "P for Pain"
26
What disorder is associated with anti-endomysial Abs?
Celiac | (aka anti-tissue transglutaminase ab)
27
Which immune deficiency causes anaphylaxis to blood products with IgA?
Selective IgA deficiency
28
Which immune deficiency causes coarse facial features, abscesses, and eczema?
Hyper-IgE Syndome aka Job Syndrome Pay attention to abscesses!
29
Which immune deficiency causes thrombocytopenia, purpura, infections, and eczema?
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome B and T Cell deficiency "WAITER" * Wiskott * Aldrich * Immunodeficiency * Thrombocytopenia and purpura * Eczema * Recurrent pyogenic infections
30
Which immune deficiency causes delayed separation of the umbilicus?
Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency
31
Which immune deficiency causes neuro defects, partial albinism, and recurrent infections?
Chediak-Higashi Syndrome
32
What is the classic triad of symptoms in MS?
"SIN" * Scanning speech * Intention tremor * also: Incontinence and Internuclear ophthalmoplegia * Nystagmus
33
What embryologic structures form the diaphragm?
* Septum transversum * Pleuroperitoneal membranes * Dorsal Mesentery of Esophagus * Abdominal wall
34
What nerve is most at risk of injury with supracondylar humerus fracture?
Median Nerve
35
Which nerve and which artery are most at risk for being damaged with a midshaft break of the humerus?
Radial Nerve Deep Brachial Artery
36
What are the treatment options for Pulmonary Hypertension?
* -sentans * Bosentan * antagonize endothelin-1 receptors, leading to vasodilation (decreased resistance) * Prostaglandin agonists * dilate vessels * Dihydropyradine CCB: * Nifedipine * Sildenafil * phosphodiesterase inhibitor
37
What information is relayed via the ventral posterior lateral thalamus?
Somatosensation from the body Ventral posterior = sensation VP**_M_** = _Face_ (**_M_**akeup goes on the _Face_)
38
What info is relayed via the Ventral posterior medial thalamic nucleus?
Somatosensation from the face Ventral posterior = sensation VPM = Face (Makeup goes on the Face)
39
What info is relayed via the Ventral anterior nucleus of the thalamus?
Info from basal ganglia to cortex
40

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