SB7h Osmoregulation

Question 1

what does osmoregulation control?

Answer 1

balance of water and mineral salts in the body

Question 2

how does water move in and out of cells?

Answer 2

osmosis

Question 3

how is urea produced and what happens to it?

Answer 3

~produced in the liver from the break down of amino acids
~urea then diffuses into the blood and is carried to the kidneys

Question 4

renal vein?

Answer 4

Carries blood that has had waste removed by the kidneys to the rest of the body

Question 5

renal artery?

Answer 5

Carries blood containing waste, from the body to the kidneys

Question 6

ureters?

Answer 6

carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. There is one ureter going from each kidney to the bladder

Question 7

kidneys?

Answer 7

remove substances from the blood and produce urine

Question 8

bladder?

Answer 8

stores urine

Question 9

urethra?

Answer 9

tube leading from the bladder allowing urine to flow to the outside of the body

Question 10

sphincter muscle?

Answer 10

muscle that keeps the exit from the bladder closed until a person decides to urinate

Question 11

what happens during kidney failure?

Answer 11

waste substances increase in concentration in the blood

Question 12

treatments for kidney failure?

Answer 12

~kidney dialysis
~organ donations

Question 13

kidney dialysis? 2

Answer 13

~substances are exchanged between the blood and dialysis fluid by diffusing across the dialysis membrane
~needed every few days

Question 14

organ donation? 3

Answer 14

~kidney from another person is surgically placed into the person with kidney failure
~kidney cells contain antigens, causing the patients immune system to attack
This can lead to rejection
~patient will then need to take life-long medication, making them more prone to infection