SC 543 Midterm

Question 1

According to your text, some of the things that cause our children problems are

Answer 1

the changing world, values, and crises.

Question 2

One of the continuing challenges for many children is

Answer 2

poverty

Question 3

Brazelton and Greenspan’s “irreducible needs” include all the following EXCEPT

Answer 3

working alliances

INCLUDES ALL physical protection, nurturing relationships, opportunities to learn

Question 4

Which of the following statements is true?

Answer 4

Counseling involves a relationship between a counselor and client in which the counselor helps the client resolve a problem

Question 5

Children bring three pieces of information to the counseling session. That information includes their problem or concern, their feelings about the problem, and

Answer 5

their expectations of the counselor

Question 6

A counselor working with children focuses on

Answer 6

helping children with learning, social, or behavioral problems, using both preventative and remedial techniques

Question 7

Which of the following is one of the categories of personal strengths related to resilience?

Answer 7

a sense of purpose

Question 8

Resilience can be considered

Answer 8

coping well with negative circumstances

Question 9

Community services available for children and families can be classified as:

Answer 9

supportive, preventative, rehabilitative

Question 10

One of the categories of problems children bring to counseling includes:

Answer 10

lack of skills

Question 11

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs contains five levels. In order, they are

Answer 11

physiological needs, safety needs, love and belonging, self-esteem, and self-actualization

Question 12

The dramatic changes in the __________ brain have the biggest implications for counselors.

Answer 12

adolescent

Question 13

Challenges that counselors may face in their work with children from diverse ethnic groups include:

Answer 13

both mistaken assumptions about cultural assimilation and stereotypical generalizations

Question 14

A prominent theorist that explains children’s cognitive development is

Answer 14

Piaget

Question 15

The process of becoming like another culture is called:

Answer 15

ethnic identity development

Question 16

Erikson’s model proposed

Answer 16

tasks for social development

Question 17

Bowlby explained a theory of

Answer 17

attachment

Question 18

The differences between mental health and mental illness can be a difference in

Answer 18

degree

Question 19

The characteristics of a culturally effective counselor also include all the following EXCEPT:

Answer 19

understanding his or her own values and philosophy toward other cultures.

(INCLUDES: assisting the client to change and adjust to the present culture, avoiding being culturally encapsulated, recognizing that no theory of counseling is entirely neutral.)

Question 20

Culture can be defined as

Answer 20

all the behavior and attitudes that are learned, shared, and transmitted among group members

Question 21

How do we know if counseling works?

Answer 21

the client changes

Question 22

Regarding how much self-disclosure is appropriate for the counselor, Poppen and Thompson concluded that

Answer 22

self-disclosure is more beneficial when it takes a here-and-now- focus.

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT a common ingredient in successful therapy

Answer 23

advice

Question 24

The three things counselors should listen for are clients’ concerns, feelings about concerns, and:

Answer 24

the expectation that client has for counseling

Question 25

When the interviewee will not talk, the counselor's best technique is to:

Answer 25

reflect the interviewee's reluctance to begin or continue

Question 26

Corsini summarized the critical elements necessary for change as which of these sets?

Answer 26

Cognitive, affective, and behavioral

Question 27

Lazarus's framework for understanding problems is called the:

Answer 27

BASIC ID

Question 28

One of the universal counseling skills are:

Answer 28

minimal encourages

Question 29

Choose the most common sequence of events within a general counseling framework

Answer 29

build rapport-identify problems - build commitment - identify alternative behaviors and possible outcomes

Question 30

Goal Attainment Scaling provides for

Answer 30

levels of outcome evaluation

Question 31

Ethical codes also help mental health professionals in all but one of the following ways:

Answer 31

they provide penalties for unethical behavior. | they increase the prestige of the profession; they protect clients; they ensure the autonomy of the professional

Question 32

Which of the following is true regarding confidentiality?

Answer 32

Even though the report breaches confidentiality between counselor and client

Question 33

Legal standards provide

Answer 33

the minimum acceptable societal standards

Question 34

One of the principle ethics to which the counseling profession adheres is

Answer 34

beneficence

Question 35

A virtue ethic to which the counseling profession adheres is

Answer 35

prudence

Question 36

The files of clients who are children:

Answer 36

are protected by law

Question 37

A counselor that you work with talks openly about her cases with other members of the staff. She has even been known to leave confidential information on the bathroom sink while using the restroom. What is your responsibility?

Answer 37

Attempt to resolve the situation by talking directly to the counselor. If the counselor still violates confidentiality, report the behavior to the head of administration.

Question 38

You hold strong beliefs/opinions against homosexuality, and you are a counselor for a group of young men, one of whom is a homosexual. What do you do?

Answer 38

Resign from this job, and seek help to resolve the conflict between the nondiscriminatory counseling philosophy and your discriminatory beliefs.

Question 39

Lynn, age 7, is upset over the death of her mother and tells you she plans to join her mother in heaven. She has found her mother's medicine and plans to take a large number of pills in order to die. You discuss the situation with her at length and try to convince her it is better to live, but you are not sure she agrees. When she leaves, you still fear she will try to "join her mother in heaven." What would you do?

Answer 39

Tell Lynn you believe there is a possibility of her hurting herself, that you don't what that to happen and that you and she need to take with her father. You contact to her father.

Question 40

One tip to help counselors who are having an ethical dilemma is:

Answer 40

always act in the best interests of the child's parents

Question 41

The primary goal of counseling within a psychoanalytic frame of reference is

Answer 41

to make the unconscious conscious

Question 42

The case of Pete exhibits all of the following psychodynamic concepts except

Answer 42

undoing

Question 43

According to psychoanalytic theory, the basic concepts of human nature revolve around

Answer 43

psychic determinism and dynamic unconscious mental processes

Question 44

Freud viewed people as

Answer 44

basically evil

Question 45

In psychoanalytic theory to achieve balance, people must

Answer 45

understand their motivations

Question 46

Freud's concepts of personality were based on the structural concepts of the id, ego, and

Answer 46

superego

Question 47

A person's moral standards, according to Freud, are a product of the

Answer 47

superego

Question 48

One of the methods for probing into the unconscious is

Answer 48

regression

Question 49

According to Freud, a therapeutic relationship is built on

Answer 49

trust

Question 50

Individuals who see in others what they fail to recognize in themselves are exhibiting a defense mechanism known as

Answer 50

projection

Question 51

All of the followings are techniques related to the person-centered counseling method except

Answer 51

constructive advice

Question 52

The Rogerian model for helping, as modified by Carkhuff, involves which one of the following answers?

Answer 52

Self-exploration, understanding, goal-directed action

Question 53

The main goal of person-centered therapy is to assist people in becoming:

Answer 53

more autonomous

Question 54

Client-centered counselors focus on:

Answer 54

helping children focus on who they can become.

Question 55

Which of the following is NOT a component of unconditional positive regard?

Answer 55

autonomy

Question 56

According to person-centered counseling theory, who should direct the interview?

Answer 56

Client

Question 57

Empathy is

Answer 57

understanding the person

Question 58

In the child-centered approach the counselor acts as an

Answer 58

mirror

Question 59

Putting into words the feeling tone of what the client has said is

Answer 59

reflection

Question 60

Which of the following is the most appropriate response to children's statements of problems?

Answer 60

Inviting the child to talk more.

Question 61

Perls believed that the most important areas of concern are:

Answer 61

the person's thoughts and feelings in the present.

Question 62

Gestalt counseling is NOT recommended for which of these types of individuals?

Answer 62

Borderline

Question 63

Which of the following is emphasized in Gestalt counseling?

Answer 63

awareness

Question 64

Gestalt counseling is appropriate for all of the following EXCEPT

Answer 64

psychotic clients

Question 65

The Gestalt therapist believes psycholgically disturbed people have become separated from:

Answer 65

important parts of themselves

Question 66

The 5 layers which act as counseling strategies for the counseling process are 1. phony layer 2. phobic layer 3. impasse layer 4. __ and 5. __

Answer 66

implosion/explosion

Question 67

According to Perls, Gestalt theory involces

Answer 67

thoughts and feeling of the moment reactions as total organisms awarness that being alone can be curative

Question 68

According to the Gestalt viewpoint, the healthy person has a

Answer 68

figure-ground that emerges and recedes smootly

Question 69

Gestalt interventions are

Answer 69

breakthrough mechanisms

Question 70

Violet Oaklander explained that when chidlren are anxious, they

Answer 70

block their emotions

Question 71

According to Skinner, individuals choose behaviors based on which of the following?

Answer 71

Anticipated consequences

Question 72

Behaviorists view people as

Answer 72

products of their environments

Question 73

Behavior analysis involves which of the following sequence of steps?

Answer 73

Identify the problem category, identify problem type, determine cause, select a problem solution

Question 74

Since behavior is learned

Answer 74

it can be unlearned

Question 75

A counseling method that consists of giving points for certain behaviors is known as

Answer 75

shaping

Question 76

According to the principles used in behavioral counseling, to change behavior you must

Answer 76

identify reinforcing stimuli

Question 77

Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?

Answer 77

a seat belt buzzer stopping

Question 78

Which of the following is true about punishment?

Answer 78

punishment may produce undesirable effects.

Question 79

According to behavioral principles, adults can increase their capacity for modifying the behavior of chidren by

Answer 79

catching them doing good behavior

Question 80

The primary focus of behavioral counseling is on teaching clients about:

Answer 80

better ways to meet their needs

Question 81

Glasser believes problems results from which of the following?

Answer 81

an inability to fulfull one's basic needs

Question 82

Reality therapy includes each of the following steps except

Answer 82

examining the reasons why a behavior is performed

Question 83

The reality therapy focus is on the

Answer 83

present

Question 84

Children who have a failure identity believe

Answer 84

I can't I no good

Question 85

Which one of the following views adheres to the beliefs of William Glasser?

Answer 85

That adjusted people are those who can fulfill their needs without infringing on the rights of others

Question 86

When clients are questioned, they will usually

Answer 86

rationalize their behavior

Question 87

Choice theory practitioners teach their clients that they can

Answer 87

control only their behavior

Question 88

REality therapists believe that

Answer 88

changing behavior will change feelings

Question 89

Glasser defines mental illness as

Answer 89

irresponsibility

Question 90

Solution focused practitioners believe that

Answer 90

even when they are not doing well, people have some pieces of solutions

Question 91

Counselors who use solution focused brief counseling believe that people

Answer 91

are free to make responsible choices

Question 92

Solution-focused brief counseling has a _____ orientiation that takes precedence over a ____ orientation.

Answer 92

future; present

Question 93

Solution-focused practitioner believe they should begin by

Answer 93

finding out what the cleint is doing that works

Question 94

According to solution-focused brief counselors, small behavioral changes

Answer 94

build momentum

Question 95

In solution-focused brief counseling, goals need to be

Answer 95

stated in terms that are positive

Question 96

Solution-focused brief cousneling requires ___ structure than other approaches to counseling

Answer 96

about the same

Question 97

In solution focused brief counseling, counselors needs to understand all of the following except

Answer 97

the history of the problem

Question 98

Solution-focused brief counseling may be explained as

Answer 98

helping a client build on personal successes

Question 99

If something happened overnight and your problems were solved is

Answer 99

the miracle question

Question 100

Adler believes the prime motivator of behavior is

Answer 100

the search for power

Question 101

Style of life analysis involves an assessment of person's response to which of the folliwung?

Answer 101

frustration

Question 102

which of the following is not one of the three environmental factors of indivudal psychology that affect the development of a child's personality?

Answer 102

family religion

Question 103

Which of teh following are the four goals of misbehavior?

Answer 103

revenge, attention, inadequancy, power

Question 104

A corrective procedure for a goal of misbehavior is

Answer 104

encouragement

Question 105

A good barometer to mental health according to Adler is

Answer 105

social interest

Question 106

Three factos necessary for counseling according to Mosak and Mosak are

Answer 106

faith hope and love

Question 107

In Adlerian play therapy, the ultimate goal is to

Answer 107

reduce discouragement

Question 108

In Adlerian counseling the counselor and child are considered

Answer 108

equal partners

Question 109

A counseling strategy that allows children to experience the results of their behavior is

Answer 109

logical consequences