Schedules of practice Flashcards
(50 cards)
Structure of session
Schedule.
The influence that practice of one task has on other subsequent tasks?
Transfer of training.
What is the specificity of practice principle?
Trasnfer depends on similarity between 2 task requirements and 2 environments.
What did DEAN do in his study?
examined whether training program designed to increase sitting balance after stroke would transfer to other tasks (ambulation)
SPECIFICITY OF PRACTICE.
What were both groups doing in DEANS experiment?
Control: did seated tasks within arm reach.
Experiment: distance and direction/speed. varied in sitting.
What were results of DEAN experiment?
exp. group: reached further
increased load on LE and muscle activation
Improved STS
*DID NOT IMPROVE AMBULATION
What does DEAN study show?
Task was more specific to STS than ambulation.
STS: Discrete
Ambulation: Continuous
Practice on some components of whole task as pre-training for performance of the whole task?
example?
Part-task training
Ex: Weight shift for gait.
Learner starts with less difficult versions of task, gradually transitioning to more difficult version?
ex.
Adaptive training
Ex:Speed change
What did Winstein investigate?
concept of how working on weight shifting impacted ambulation .
PART-TASK training.
What did groups do in winsteins trial?
Control: Standard PT
exp: Standard PT and additional standing balance weight shift practice.
Results of Winstein Trial?
Both groups improved in ambulation but weight shift group not better.
group with additional weight shift had more symmetrical standing posture.
Part task must be natural ____ to be effective for retraining
subpart of whole task
Refers to the variety of movement and context characteristics a
learner experiences while practicing a skill
Variable Practice
Tasks have ____ within them.
why is this important?
variability
need to be able to handle variability for learning.
Successful future performance may depend on
amount of variability learner experiences in practice.
What was variable vs. constant practice?
subjects knocked over barrier within 200 ms. 300x a day.
both did from distance of 15/35/60/65 cm
variable group hand random order.
transfer test done after at 50 cm.
What was result of constant vs variable group?
what does this show?
Constant had less error at training but more during transfer test.
Variablity generates Generalizability.
Variability in practice allows subjects to
learn task more effectively.
Rehearsing many possible variations of a movement essentially facilitates
transfer of skill to novel situation.
Learner performs same skill repeatedly. Works on a
specific skill for a block of trials before moving on to different skill
blocked practice.
Learner performs multiple different tasks in random
order
Random Practice.
What happened in blocked vs. random practice trial?
Subjects practiced 3 badminton serves.
blocked group did 1 serve each day
random group did random each day.
What were results of blocked vs. random trial?
Random group had higher accuracy with better retention.
