Science Flashcards
PASS (101 cards)
1
Q
Controls and coordinates various body functions
A
Nervous System
2
Q
Sends signals and receives responses from every organ of the body
A
Nervous system
3
Q
The functional unit of the nervous system
A
Neuron
4
Q
Processes the information it receives from the sensory nerves and sends out responding actions
A
Central Nervous system
5
Q
The control center of the human body
A
Brain
6
Q
serves as the cushion for the brain
A
Cerebrospinal fluid
7
Q
Processes sensory informations, reasoning and problem solving
A
Forebrain
8
Q
3 major divisions of the brain
A
Forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain
9
Q
largest portion o the brain, responsible for intteligence, personality, and understanding language
A
Cerebrum
10
Q
responsible for reasoning, high-order cognition, movement, and language
A
Frontal Lobe
11
Q
Responsible for tactile (touch) sensory information
A
Parietal Lobe
11
Q
Responsible for interpreting sounds and language
A
Temporal lobe
12
Q
Associated with interpreting information and visual stimuli
A
Occipital Lobe
13
Q
Processes the signals received from the sense organs before relaying them to the cerebrum
A
Thalamus
13
Q
responsible for eye reflexes and regulates sleep
A
Midbrain
14
Q
Controls body temp, thirst, hunger, salt & water balance, & emotional behavior
A
Hypothalamus
15
Q
Helps to regulate autonomic functions, cooridinate movements, and maintain balance
A
Hindbrain
16
Q
Connects two hemispheres of the cerebellum and cerebrum
A
Pons
17
Q
Cotnrols breathing, swallowing, digestion, and action of the heart and blood vessels
A
Medulla Oblongata
18
Q
responsible for the coordination of voluntary muscle movements and maintains body balance
A
Cerebellum
19
Q
Connects the brain to the nerves from all over the body, controls involuntary movements called reflexes
A
Spinal cord
20
Q
Two main parts of the nervous system (component)
A
central nervous system, peripheral nervous system
21
Q
carries signals within the central nervous system
A
Peripheral nervous system
22
Q
2 divisons of peripheral nervous system
A
Somatic and Autonomic Nervous system
23
Connects the central nervous system to the voluntary muscles
Somatic nervous sytem
24
connects the central nervous system to the glands, smooth muscles of different internal organs and cardiac muscles
autonomic nervous syste
25
Functions when you are stressed, anxious or afraid of something
Sympathetic nervous system
26
Two subdivisions of autonomic nervous system
Sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system
27
it returns the body functions to normal and maintains them at that level
Parasympathetic nervous system
28
are the basic structural unit of the nervous system
Neurons
29
three types of neurons
Sensory, motor, interneurons
30
receives information and send impulses to the spinal cord of the brain
Sensory Neuron
31
Scattered throughout the brain and spinal cord, relay impulses or informations from sensory neurons to the motor neurons
Interneurons
31
Conduct impulses from the brain or spinal cord to muscles or gland throughout the body
Motor neuron
32
the body sites of protein synthesis and other important processses
Nissl bodies
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A neuron lacking a nissl body
Axon
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The cells control center
Nucleus
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a shorter extension of the cell body
dendrite
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powerhouse of the cell
mitochondria
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transmits impluses to motor neurons
axon
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network of membranes
endoplasmic reticulum
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central part of the neuron
cell body
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signal molecules that allow neurons to communicate
Neurotransmitters
40
two types of neurotransmitters
excitatory and inhibitory
41
Excites the postsynaptic neuron and increases the likelihood of a response
excitatory
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examples of neurotransmitters
norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, melatonin
42
suppresses the action potential and decreases the likelihood of a response
inhibitory
43
the neuron that passes the transmission through its axon, also called as sending cell
presynaptic neuron
44
the neuron that receives the transmission through its dendrites, also called as receiving cell
postsynaptic neuron
44
the tiny gap between two nerve cells where communication
happens
synapse
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an involuntary and automatic response to a stimulus.
Reflex
45
carry and release neurotransmitters at the axon termina
synaptic vesicles
45
when the vesicles release the neurotransmitters, the molecules travel through the synapse until they reach the
Receptor proteins
46
composed of living cells that are constantly dividing to produce the myelin layer
Neurolemma
46
monitors and regulated growth hormones, controls reproductive gland
pituitary gland
46
produces hormones that regulate blood glucose
pancreas
46
composed of an axon and it myelin layer, a very thin transmission line that runs from nerve cells to receptors
Nerve fiber
47
made of bundled nerves that are expanded to certain distances along the spinal cord or the brain
fiber tract
47
are chemical molecules that are released into the bloodstream glands
hormones
48
produces testosterone that controls male puberty and ability to produce sperm
testis
48
connects the nervous system and the endocrine system
hypothalamus
48
produces melatonin that regulates sleep
pineal gland
48
affects the activity of cells and tissues in our body
glands
48
Produces eggs, regulating hormones, and supporting pregnancy
female reproductive system
49
regulates metabolism and use of energy
thyroid
49
produces hormones that help regulate metabolism and other body functions
adrenal gland
49
help balance appropriate hrmones during oregnancy, it also aids in protection of the feturs
Fundus of uterus
49
Anterior pituitary
ths thyroid stimulating, thyroid, stimulates synthesis and secretion of thyroxine
49
are an important passageway for an egg and a sperm to meet and for a fertilized egg to make its way to your uterus
Fallopian tube
50
produces estrogen that controls female puberty and progesterone that manages fertility
ovary
50
produces eegs for fertilization and they make hormones estrogen adn progesterone
Ovary
50
Hypothalamus
releases and inhibits hormones, anterior pituitary, stimulated or inhibits release of specific pituitary hormone
50
the sensitive area located on the top of your vulva
clitoris
50
a subperitoneal, hollow muscular organ that acts as a reservoir for urine
urinary bladder
51
extension of a tube from the bladder to the outside of the body
urethra
51
a muscular, tunnel-like organ that allows fluids, such as menstrual blood, to pass from the uterus into the vagina
cervix
51
the main body of the uterus, this is where the a fertilized egg implants during pregnancy
Corpus of uterus
52
Relatively large, fleshy folds of tissue that enclose and protect the other external genital organs
labia majora
52
defined as the smaller lips, par of small cutaneous folds that begins at the clitoris and extends downward
Labia minora
53
a pair of pouch-like sacs that supports the testes. It also controls its temperature because the testes must be slightly cooler than the body to produce sperm cells
Scrotum
53
2 cycles in the female repro system
Ovarian cycle and Menstrual cycle
54
the end part of the large intestine that connects the colon to the anus
Rectum
54
tube that connects the uterus to the outside of the body
vagina
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the cycle of preparing the uterus for a fertilized egg
Menstrual cycle
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this cycle includes the maturation of the egg cells
Ovarian cycle
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the external male organ with a tip called glans, it is covered with foreskin that may be removed through circumcision
Penis
55
these are the glands that produce sperm cells and male sex hormones called the testosterone.
Testicles
56
A narrow-coiled tube that stores immature sperm cells until they mature and where they are temporarily stored before their release.
Epididymis
56
It is the passageway of both urine form the urinary bladder and semen from the glands
Urethra
57
These are sac-like pouches attached to the vas deferens, produces sugar-rich fluid that provides energy to sperm cells motility
Seminal vesicles
57
a walnut sized gland located between the bladder and the penis. Secretes fluid that nourishes and protects the sperm
Prostate gland
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Long, muscular tube that serves as a passageway of the sperm cells released from the testes.
Vas deferens
57
also called as the bulbourethral gland, one of the two pea-sized organs found beneath the prostate gland, responsible in releasing fluids that flushes out foreign matter
Cowper's gland
58
the uncomfortabe feeling of fear, uneasiness, or overthinking that something bad may happen
anxiety disorder
59
the state of being sad, the loss of happiness, lack of interest on things and loss of energy
Depression
60
a chronic condition in which the body either doesnt produce enough insulin or becomes resistant to it
Diabetes
60
Occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough of the hormones cortisol and aldosterone
Addison's disease
61
A hormonal condition that affects women during their reproductive years, it involves an imbalance of sex hormones, leading to irregular periods, cysts on the ovaries
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
62
a type of cancer that starts in the cervix, it happens when abnormal cells in the cervix grows
Cervical cancer
62
it occurs when a blood vessel in the brain bursts, causing blood leak into surroundin brain tissue
Brain Hemorrhage
63
an inflammation of the vulva and vagina often caused by infections, irritants, or hormonal changes
Vulvovaginitis
