Science

Question 1

What are the six groups of nutrients?

Answer 1

1. Proteins
2. Carbohydrates
3. Fats (lipids)
4. Vitamins
5. Minerals
6. Water

Question 2

What is the main function of proteins?

Answer 2

Proteins build and repair body cells.

Question 3

What is a complete protein?

Answer 3

A complete protein contains all the essential amino acids.

Question 4

What is an incomplete protein?

Answer 4

An incomplete protein does not contain all the essential amino acids.

Question 5

What is the primary role of carbohydrates?

Answer 5

Carbohydrates provide energy.

Question 6

What are simple carbohydrates? Give examples.

Answer 6

Simple carbs are sugars, such as those found in fruits.

Question 7

What are complex carbohydrates? Give examples.

Answer 7

Complex carbs are starches found in pasta, breads, rice, and potatoes.

Question 8

What do fats do for the body?

Answer 8

Fats provide energy and cushion organs.

Question 9

What are saturated fats and where are they found?

Answer 9

Saturated fats are unhealthy fats found in animal products like butter (solid at room temp).

Question 10

What are unsaturated fats and where are they found?

Answer 10

Unsaturated fats are healthier fats found in plants like oils (liquid at room temp).

Question 11

Why does the body need vitamins?

Answer 11

Vitamins are needed in small (micro) amounts for various body functions.

Question 12

What are water-soluble vitamins?

Answer 12

Vitamins B and C; they dissolve in water and are not stored in the body.

Question 13

What are fat-soluble vitamins?

Answer 13

Vitamins A, D, E, and K; they are stored in body fat.

Question 14

What are organic minerals?

Answer 14

Organic minerals contain the element carbon.

Question 15

What are inorganic minerals?

Answer 15

Inorganic minerals do not contain the element carbon.

Question 16

What percentage of the human body is water?

Answer 16

60-70%

Question 17

Can the body survive longer without food or without water?

Answer 17

The body can survive much longer without food than without water.

Question 18

Ingestion

Answer 18

taking in of food

Question 19

Digestion

Answer 19

the process in which food is broken down into nutrient molecules that will be absorbed/taken in by the blood.

Question 20

Absorption

Answer 20

nutrient molecules are absorbed by the blood

Question 21

Elimination

Answer 21

wastes or unused molecules are eliminated/excreted

Question 22

What happens in the mouth during digestion?

Answer 22

Ingestion and digestion begin here
Teeth – mechanical digestion
Incisors – tear food
Molars – crush/grind food
Salivary Glands – chemical digestion with saliva and enzyme amylase
Food is chewed into a bolus

Question 23

What is the esophagus?

Answer 23

Muscular tube that connects mouth to stomach
Lined with mucus to move food easily

Question 24

What is peristalsis?

Answer 24

muscular waves moves food

Question 25

What is the stomach?

Answer 25

Connects the esophagus and the small intestine Mechanical digestion due to peristalsis Chemical digestion with hydrochloric acid (HCl) and the enzyme pepsin work together to break down food molecules Mucus lines the stomach wall and protects it from HCl Food is now chyme and then moves into the small intestine

Question 25

What is the function of the epiglottis?

Answer 25

flap of tissue that closes over the trachea/windpipe to direct food down the esophagus (this is why you should not talk while chewing food – flap opens/closes and gets confused)

Question 26

What is the small intestene?

Answer 26

Connects stomach to the large intestine Small in diameter, but is 5-6 meters in length Chyme enters here at the duodenum Lined with villi, millions of fingerlike projections that absorb nutrients (oxygen) into the bloodstream Most absorption of nutrients occurs here Bile from the liver and pancreatic juices/enzymes from the pancreas are fed into the small intestine via ducts to help continue the breakdown of food molecules

Question 27

What happens in the large intestene?

Answer 27

Last section of the digestive tract Large in diameter but small in length Shaped like a horseshoe over the small intestine Water is absorbed into the walls Bacteria feed on undigested food and produce vitamin K and gas Solid feces are stored in the rectum and excreted through the anus

Question 28

What does the liver do?

Answer 28

produces bile, a greenish liquid that helps break up fat molecules

Question 29

What is the gallbladder?

Answer 29

sac/pouch that stores excess bile

Question 30

What is the pancreas?

Answer 30

feeds enzymes to the small intestine and regulates your glucose (sugar) levels (diabetes is a disease of this organ)

Question 31

Nutrients

Answer 31

substances in food (proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water) that provide energy and materials for cell development, growth, and repair

Question 32

Mechanical Digestion

Answer 32

takes place when food is chewed, mixed, and churned (like a machine)

Question 33

Chemical Digestion

Answer 33

occurs when chemical reactions occur that break down large molecules of food into smaller ones

Question 34

Enzyme

Answer 34

type of protein that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction to begin

Question 35

Peristalsis

Answer 35

waves of muscular contractions that move food through the digestive tract

Question 36

Chyme

Answer 36

liquid product of digestion after it leaves the stomach

Question 37

Villi

Answer 37

fingerlike projections covering the wall of the small intestine that increases the surface area for food absorption