New Empires in the Americas

Question 1

Line of Demarcation

Answer 1

Boundry between Spanish and Portuguese territories in the new world

Question 2

Treaty of Tordesillas

Answer 2

A treaty between Spain and Portugal that moved the line of demarcation

Question 3

Doctrine of Discovery

Answer 3

the idea that a country that explored a newly found land was entitled to own it and rule it

Question 4

Circumnavigate

Answer 4

to fully go around the globe

Question 5

Columbian Exchange

Answer 5

the transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Americas and Europe, Asia, and Africa

Question 5

Johannes Gutenberg

Answer 5

Invented the movable type in the 1400s which caused books to be printed and no longer copied by hand; people became more educated.

Question 5

Renaissance

Answer 5

A period of rebirth after the Middle Ages that began in Northern Italy and spread through Europe from the 1400s to the 1600s

Question 6

Silk Road

Answer 6

An overland trade route running from China to the Black Sea in Europe, stretching over 5,000 miles to trade silks, spices, and jewels

Question 7

Africa

Answer 7

A continent rich in gold, diamonds, oil, salt, ivory, and slaves

Question 8

Italian City States

Answer 8

Until the 1860s, the country of Italy was a nation of individual city states; some of the most important were Genoa, Florence, and Venice.

Question 9

Monopoly

Answer 9

Exclusive control or rights to something; the Italians had a monopoly of trade in the Mediterranean Sea.

Question 10

Empire

Answer 10

Group of countries or territories that are under the control of a single ruler (e.g. Spanish Empire, French Empire, British Empire)

Question 11

Colony/Colonies

Answer 11

A country or area under the full or partial political control of another country, typically a distant one, and occupied by settlers from that country.

Question 12

Colonization (a/k/a Colonialism)

Answer 12

The action or process of settling among and establishing control over the indigenous people of an area.

Question 13

Old World

Answer 13

Europe, Africa and Asia

Question 14

Asia

Answer 14

a/k/a The Indies and The Far East

Question 15

Commerce

Answer 15

Trade/commercial

Question 16

Vikings

Answer 16

They were the first Europeans to reach North America.
They came from Scandinavia, present-day Denmark, Norway, and Sweden.
They were skilled sailors who used the longship.
They raided countries throughout Europe, establishing trade networks.

Question 17

What did Leaf Erikson do in 1000AD

Answer 17

He sailed from Norway to North America and landed on the Labrador Peninsula (present-day Canada)

Question 18

What did Europeans want from the Far East?

Answer 18

Asian spices (cloves, peppercorns, cinnamon), silks, and jewels of the Far East (Asia/Indies).

Question 19

What did the Italians have?

Answer 19

A monopoly, or exclusive control, on trade in the Mediterranean Sea. By finding an all-water route, countries could bypass these Italian city states (Genoa and Venice).

Question 20

What did the Europeans hope to spread?

Answer 20

Christianity

Question 21

When Marco Polos adventures were published, what did people want to learn about?

Answer 21

When Marco Polo’s adventures are published (Guttenberg’s printing press 1400), people wanted to learn about Asian culture.

Question 22

By finding a water route to the east, what could explorers do?

Answer 22

By finding a water route to the East, explorers could bypass the Silk Road which was controlled by Moslem/Muslim/Arab traders.

Question 23

New Inventions during the late 1400-early 1500s:

Answer 23

printing press, telescope, caravel, astrolabe, and magnetic compass

Question 24

What did new Inventions/technology allow people to do?

Answer 24

New inventions/technology such as the printing press, telescope, caravel, astrolabe, and magnetic compass allowed people to explore the world around them and all helped to power the Age of Exploration.

Question 25

Prince Henry the Navigator

Answer 25

Built an observatory Founded a school for navigation to teach better methods of sailing Financed ($) research by mapmakers and shipbuilders Paid for expeditions to explore the west coast of Africa with their new, light caravels

Question 26

Bartolomeu Dias (1488)

Answer 26

He traveled from Portugal around the west coast of Africa and reached the tip of the continent of Africa. The tip is known as the “Cape of Good Hope,” but his ship returned to Portugal because the crew was afraid to continue the journey.

Question 27

Vasco da Gama (1497)

Answer 27

He sailed around the Cape of Good Hope and reached India. Da Gama helped Portugal win the European race to the riches of the East with a direct water route around Africa.

Question 28

Results/Effects of Portuguese Exploration

Answer 28

First country to reach the riches of the Far East (Asia) Started the slave trade Broke up many families which led to warfare in African kingdoms Portugal became rich and powerful. This led other European countries (Spain, France, and England) to send voyages for exploration.

Question 29

Christaphor Columbous (1492)

Answer 29

He was convinced he could reach Asia (the Indies/Far East) by sailing WEST across the Atlantic Ocean. Sails for Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand of Spain. He is to claim land for Spain, bring back riches, and convert people to Catholicism. He sailed with the Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria, the flagship, from the Canary Islands. The journey took two long months. On October 12, 1492 he landed in present-day Bahamas on an island he named San Salvador (Holy Savior) and called the Native Taino he met “Indians.” Columbus thought he had reached Asia (a/k/a the Indies). He made three more voyages across the Atlantic Ocean still believing he had reached Asia. He had discovered the “New World.”

Question 30

Amerigo Vespucci (1501)

Answer 30

He sailed to present-day South America and realized it was not Asia but a “New World.” Mapmakers named the continents “America” in his honor.

Question 31

Vasco Nunez de Balboa (1513)

Answer 31

He sailed to Panama and crossed mountains and jungles of the isthmus. He was the first European to see the Pacific Ocean.

Question 32

Ferdinand Magellan (1519)

Answer 32

He was the first person to circumnavigate the globe. He was killed in the Philippines, but his crew finished the journey. Strait of Magellan at the tip of South America was named for him. His voyage proved the world was round – and proved Columbus correct!

Question 33

Effects of Spanish Exploration

Answer 33

Competition between Spain and Portugal for new lands Line of Demarcation divided the Atlantic Ocean; Spain claimed new land west of the line. Treaty of Tordesillas – moved the line 800 miles further west; Portugal then claimed Brazil. In addition to Spain, other countries such as France and England sent explorers to claim land known as colonies and began the “Race for Empires.” Millions of Africans were taken from Africa to work in these new colonies. Native Americans lost much of their land as settlers moved onto the continent. Wars occurred between the Europeans and Native Americans. Wars occurred between the European countries as they competed for their empires.

Question 34

What was the Columbian Exchange named for?

Answer 34

Named for Christopher Columbus because it started with his voyages.

Question 35

Positive and Negative effects of the Columbian Exchange

Answer 35

Positive Effects – Old World got tomatoes, potatoes, maize, turkeys, cocoa. New World received cattle, pigs, horses, sugarcane, citrus fruits. Negative Effects – Old World brought diseases and killed thousands of Native Americans, and the Slave Trade was a major part of this exchange.