President Jefferson Flashcards
(40 cards)
Who won the Election of 1800 and what was its historical significance?
Thomas Jefferson, a Democratic-Republican, won. It was the first peaceful transfer of power between political parties in U.S. history.
What issue occurred between Jefferson and Aaron Burr in the 1800 election?
They tied in electoral votes, and Jefferson was chosen after multiple ballots in the House of Representatives.
What change did the 12th Amendment (1804) make to the election process?
It created separate ballots for President and Vice President to prevent future ties.
When and where was Thomas Jefferson inaugurated?
March 4, 1801, in Washington, D.C., at the Executive Mansion (not yet called the White House).
What kind of image did Jefferson promote as president?
He presented himself as a “Man of the Common People,” stressing the need for limited government and protection of civil liberties.
What happened to the Alien and Sedition Acts under Jefferson?
He allowed them to expire.
What were Jefferson’s military policies?
Cut the size of the army and the navy to 7 active ships.
What was Jefferson’s stance on the national government and debt?
Wanted to keep the national government small and pay off the national debt.
Did Jefferson keep Hamilton’s National Bank? Why?
As much as he hated Hamilton’s creation of the National Bank, it was successful and he kept the bank.
Who sold the Louisiana Territory to the U.S. and why?
The vast territory from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains was called Louisiana. It had belonged to France, then went to Spain, then back to France again.
Who was the leader of France at the time?
The leader of France at this time was Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte
Why did the U.S. originally approach France, and what was the result?
When Jefferson sent U.S. ambassadors to purchase the port city of New Orleans from France, the offer was increased to ALL of the Louisiana Territory and New Orleans.
The result was Jefferson purchased the Louisiana Territory from Emperor Napoleon of France for $15 million. The Senate then approved the purchase.
Why was the Louisiana Purchase controversial for Jefferson?
The Constitution didn’t mention land purchases, but he proceeded anyway.[
What was the land of the Louisiana Purchase?
The land stretched from the Mississippi River on the East to the Rocky Mountains on the West and doubled the size of the U.S.
Who led the expedition to explore the Louisiana Territory and what was their group called?
Meriwether Lewis and William Clark led the Corps of Discovery.
Why did Jefferson send Lewis and clark?
Jefferson wanted to learn more about the West and the Native Americans
How long was the Lewis and Clark Expidition?
2 years.
Who helped guide and interpret for the expedition?
Sacajawea, the Shoshone native, acted as a guide and interpreter from the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Ocean.
What was the Route of Lewis and Clark?
Left St. Louis 1804 – followed up the Missouri River – to build Ft. Mandan in present-day North Dakota – continued along the Missouri River and crossed the Rocky Mountains – followed Columbia River to the Pacific Ocean 1805 - built Ft. Clatsop - journeyed back home in 1806.
What were the effects of the Louisiana Purchase?
- Doubled the size of the U.S.
- Gained total control of the Mississippi River and port of New Orleans
- More agricultural land (present-day Great Plains – breadbasket of the U.S.)
- Rich, natural resources - gold and silver later discovered
- More conflicts with Native Americans over lands
- France no longer a major power in North America
- More trade routes that become trails to the Pacific Ocean
- People known as pioneers migrate westward
- More states added to the U.S. (adding to slave vs. free debate)
10.Future conflict with other nations for the rest of the land all the way to the Pacific Ocean. This idea will be called Manifest Destiny.
What is Marbury vs. Madison?
1803 – landmark Supreme Court case that established judicial review. This is the case that established the role of the U.S. Supreme Court. The Court interprets laws and tells us what they mean. In other words, the U.S. Supreme Court can declare laws unconstitutional or constitutional. This makes the Judicial Branch a powerful one because laws that the Legislative Branch pass, and the Executive Branch sign, can be overturned or declared null and void.
William Marbury
one of the “midnight judges” appointed by Pres. Adams.
James Madison
Sec. of State who refused to give Marbury his commission
John Marshall
Chief Justice who wrote the opinion (34 years as C.J.)
