science 1st semester final

Question 1

How are plant and animal cells different from one another?

Answer 1

Plant cells have cell walls, chloroplasts with chlorophyll, and a huge water-filled vacuole. Animals do not have any of these parts.

Question 2

Why is the nucleus important to the cell?

Answer 2

It contains the genetic code and controls the cellular activities.

Question 3

If you are looking at a single cell that is green in color, how would you know it is a plant cell?

Answer 3

Plants have chloroplasts filled with chlorophyll to trap energy from sunlight for photosynthesis.

Question 4

What organelle surrounds an animal cell? Why is it so important that it functions properly?

Answer 4

cell membrane - regulates what can enter and leave the cell

Question 5

What is the basic difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs?

Answer 5

autotrophs are producers - make food by photosynthesis heterotrophs are consumers - eat other organisms

Question 6

Explain how photosynthesis and respiration are opposite processes of each other.

Answer 6

photosynthesis water + carbon dioxide yields sugar (food) + oxygen respiration sugar (food) + oxygen yields water + carbon dioxide The products of one are the reactants of the other.

Question 7

How would raising the temperature of a liquid speed up diffusion?

Answer 7

Diffusion is movement using kinetic energy alone, and increasing temperature speeds particles up so they move faster.

Question 8

Why is it not likely for eye color to be controlled by a single gene?

Answer 8

There are too many possible eye colors.

Question 9

What are the genotypes of males and females? How are the alleles given to each of the offspring?

Answer 9

male - XY female - XX Females can only pass on an X. Males can pass on either an X or a Y.

Question 10

How do codominant genes work?

Answer 10

They are both equally dominant, and both show up equally.

Question 11

Contrast the effects of harmful and helpful mutations.

Answer 11

Harmful - make it less likely for survival Helpful - make it more likely for survival

Question 12

What are three basic human needs?

Answer 12

food, water, shelter

Question 13

What is a microscope?

Answer 13

a tool that magnifies objects to make small objects look larger

Question 14

What are the two basic types of microscopes, and how are they different from each other?

Answer 14

compound light microscope - uses light to see living things - sees natural colors electron microscope - uses electrons to magnify even better, but object must be dead - sees black and white or computer colorized

Question 15

Why is water necessary for life?

Answer 15

Most chemical reactions that take place in a cell need water to occur.

Question 16

What is the name of life science?

Answer 16

biology

Question 17

What is inferring?

Answer 17

using past or previous knowledge to predict something

Question 18

What is homeostasis

Answer 18

maintaining a stable internal environment

Question 19

What is the name of the variable that is purposely changed in a test or scientific experiment?

Answer 19

independent variable (IV

Question 20

Define DNA replication and its function.

Answer 20

when DNA makes an exact copy of itself so that the new copy can control a new cell

Question 21

What are the DNA nitrogen bases?

Answer 21

adenine - thymine - guanine - cytosine

Question 22

What are the RNA nitrogen bases?

Answer 22

adenine - uracil - guanine - cytosine

Question 23

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 23

controls what goes in and out of the cell

Question 24

Identify the shape of DNA.

Answer 24

double helix or spiral staircase

Question 25

What are the characteristics all living things share?

Answer 25

1. made of cells 2. contain hereditary material (DNA) 3. grow and develop 4. adapt and evolve 5. have a metabolism 6. react to stimuli 7. maintain homeostasis

Question 26

What allele combination is a female?

Answer 26

XX

Question 27

What allele combination is a male?

Answer 27

XY

Question 28

the mistaken idea that living things could come from nonliving things

Answer 28

spontaneous generation

Question 29

an action or change in behavior in reaction to a stimulus

Answer 29

response

Question 30

a change in an organism's surrounding environment that triggers a response

Answer 30

stimulus

Question 31

the process by which plants and some microorganisms use water and carbon dioxide in the presence of sunlight to make their own food

Answer 31

photosynthesis

Question 32

a segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a particular protein or trait

Answer 32

gene

Question 33

an organism's physical appearance

Answer 33

phenotype

Question 34

a mistake or change in a gene or chromosome

Answer 34

mutation

Question 35

having two identical alleles for a trait, TT or tt

Answer 35

homozygous

Question 36

having two different alleles for a trait, Tt

Answer 36

heterozygous

Question 37

a condition in which neither allele of a pair is dominant or recessive but they are equally expressed

Answer 37

codominant

Question 38

a change in a gene or chromosome

Answer 38

mutation

Question 39

an observation that deals with numbers or amounts

Answer 39

quantitative

Question 40

an observation without numbers, an opinion

Answer 40

qualitative

Question 41

What is the difference between organic and inorganic?

Answer 41

organic - contain carbon and are made by living things while inorganic - don't contain carbon and are not made by living things

Question 42

What is the difference between a hybrid and a purebred?

Answer 42

hybrid - 2 different things combines purebreds - 2 of the same things make babies

Question 43

What is the difference between a genotype and a phenotype?

Answer 43

genotype is genetic makeup phenotype is a physical appearance

Question 44

What is the percentage of recessive offspring in this Punnett square?

Answer 44

50% recessive 50% dominant

Question 45

What is the percentage of dominant and recessive offspring in the Punnett square?

Answer 45

75% dominant 25% recessive

Question 46

What is the form a hypothesis is usually written in?

Answer 46

if/then

Question 47

What is the factor being tested in an experiment?

Answer 47

independent variable

Question 48

What is being measured in a controlled experiment?

Answer 48

dependent variable

Question 49

What are the factors that need to be kept the same between the experiment and the control?

Answer 49

constants

Question 50

Which variable goes on which axis?

Answer 50

dry mix

Question 51

What is the result of your experiment?

Answer 51

conclusion