science semester 2 final

Question 1

a trait that helps an organism survive, opposable thumb

Answer 1

adaptation

Question 2

a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart

Answer 2

artery

Question 3

the upper chambers of the heart

Answer 3

atria

Question 4

reproduction with 1 parent, 1 set of DNA, makes exact copies but fast

Answer 4

asexual reproduction

Question 5

a cell that protects the DNA and helps the organism survive harsh conditions

Answer 5

endospore

Question 6

change in a species over time

Answer 6

evolution

Question 7

when there are no living members of a species remaining

Answer 7

extinct

Question 8

a trace of a living thing, like a cast, mold, footprint, most common in sedimentary rock

Answer 8

fossil

Question 9

a stable internal environment

Answer 9

homeostasis

Question 10

holds bone to bone

Answer 10

ligament

Question 11

the soft inside of bone where blood cells are made or fat is stored

Answer 11

marrow

Question 12

the control center of a cell

Answer 12

nucleus

Question 13

reproduction with 2 parents and 2 sets of DNA, produces variety

Answer 13

sexual reproduction

Question 14

one type of living thing, can breed and viable offspring under natural circumstances

Answer 14

species

Question 15

holds bone to bone

Answer 15

ligament

Question 16

prevents blood from going backward

Answer 16

valve

Question 17

differences in an organism’s features (characteristics)

Answer 17

variation

Question 18

back bone

Answer 18

vertebrae

Question 19

a cell that fights off infection

Answer 19

white blood cell

Question 20

How do scientists determine the actual age of fossils?

Answer 20

radioactive dating

Question 21

How do fossils form?

Answer 21

organisms are buried in sediment before they can decompose

Question 22

What is the role of genes in evolution?

Answer 22

Genes are passed from parents to offspring. Inherited traits are controlled by genes. Helpful genes are passed on more through natural selection because they help the parent survive.

Question 23

If two organisms look very similar during their early stages of development, this is evidence that the organisms could have what?

Answer 23

a common ancestor

Question 24

What is it called when an organism creates more offspring than can possible survive?

Answer 24

over production

Question 25

What is mass extinction? What do scientists think caused mass extinctions?

Answer 25

many species go extinct at the same time - climate change

Question 26

What do fungi have in common with animals?

Answer 26

heterotrophs

Question 27

What characteristic do all algae share?

Answer 27

autotrophs

Question 28

Compare viruses and parasites.

Answer 28

Both have host cells.

Question 29

Why is a virus's protein so important?

Answer 29

helps it attach to host

Question 30

Why are some bacteria called decomposers?

Answer 30

break dead things down and return nutrients to soil and air

Question 31

Why are viruses considered nonliving?

Answer 31

They don't show all the traits of a living thing.

Question 32

What directly provides energy for a virus?

Answer 32

host cell

Question 33

What is the best treatment for most viral infections?

Answer 33

resting, fluids, and well-balanced meals

Question 34

What stimulates a person's body to produce chemicals that destroy viruses or bacteria?

Answer 34

vaccines

Question 35

How does a vaccine work?

Answer 35

it injects dead or weakened forms of germs that activates your body's immune system so it is prepared

Question 36

WHy don't people get sick after a vaccination?

Answer 36

made from dead or weakened germs that activate immune system

Question 37

A hidden virus becomes part of a host cell's what?

Answer 37

genetic material

Question 38

Which organ system makes blood cells?

Answer 38

skeletal system

Question 39

What is the function of the skeleton?

Answer 39

support, protection, stores fat, stores minerals, makes blood, leverage for movement

Question 40

Most of a newborn's skeleton is made of what?

Answer 40

cartilage

Question 41

Describe the three types of muscle, and say which tires quickly

Answer 41

1. cardiac - in heart 2. skeletal - attached to bones - tires quickly 3. smooth - in hollow organs

Question 42

Explain why pairs of skeletal muscles work together.

Answer 42

bicep and tricep - when one contracts, the other relaxes - move bones in opposite directions

Question 43

How does skin protect the body from disease?

Answer 43

It is a barrier that keeps germs from getting in.

Question 44

When an individual washes their skin, what can they prevent?

Answer 44

infections and disease

Question 45

What helps protect your skin from the sun?

Answer 45

melanin, hat, sunscreen

Question 46

What are 4 levels of human body organization?

Answer 46

cell, tissue, organ, organ system

Question 47

Are bones alive or dead? Explain.

Answer 47

alive - made of cells and produce blood cells, grow and develop, have a metabolism

Question 48

What is homeostasis, and why is it so important to the body?

Answer 48

stable internal environment keeps body in check and allows chemical reactions

Question 49

Name the 4 types of joints and their type of motion.

Answer 49

1. hinge - back and forth 2. ball and socket - greatest range of motion, can be a circle 3. pivot - rotation 4. gliding - 2 flat surfaces

Question 50

If your pulse goes up, what happens to your heart beat?

Answer 50

speeds up

Question 51

needed substances are carried to the body by what?

Answer 51

blood

Question 52

What component of blood is 90% water?

Answer 52

plasma

Question 53

What is the function of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 53

pumps blood to carry oxygen and nutrients throughout body and fights infection

Question 54

If a person's blood contains only anti - B clumping proteins, what is their blood type?

Answer 54

A

Question 55

How many loops does the circulatory system contain?

Answer 55

2 loops

Question 56

Explain why people with AB blood can accept blood of any type but can only donate to AB.

Answer 56

have no anti A or anti B | will react to both anti A and anti B