science

Question 1

anaerobic respiration

Answer 1

• makes energy without oxygen
• can keep you alive for a short amount of time until you can get enough oxygen to make more ATP through cellular respiration

Question 2

fermentation

Answer 2

• less ATP molecules formed than in aerobic respiration

* two types: lactic acid and alcohol fermentation

Question 3

lactic acid fermentation

Answer 3

• temporary

* lactic acid builds up causing a burning, painful sensation

Question 4

alcohol fermentation

Answer 4

•occurs in yeast and some bacteria

Question 5

cell membrane and bilayer notes

Answer 5

• hydrophilic (polar/waterloving)

* hydrophobic (nonpolar/water hating)

Question 6

cell membrane functions

Answer 6

• holds cell together
• protection
• lets certain substances in and out of cell
• anything that is polar can not move through the membrane

Question 7

solvent vs solute

Answer 7

solvent- LIQUID that dissolved a solute

solute- SOLID dissolved by a solvent

Question 8

passive transport

Answer 8

• molecules move from high to low concentration

* no energy used

Question 9

diffusion

Answer 9

the movement of molecules from an area of HIGH to LOW concentration

Question 10

osmosis

Answer 10

• movement of water by passive diffusion across a selectively permeable membrane
• high to low water potential
• moves to equilibrium

Question 11

u-shaped tubes

Answer 11

• ratio of solvent to solute wants to be balanced

* reach equilibrium

Question 12

facilitated diffusion

Answer 12

•large molecules move from high to low concentration through carrier proteins or channel proteins

Question 13

active transport

Answer 13

• energy needed to be added to system

* low to high concentration

Question 14

elodea lab:
what happened to the elodea leaf under normal
conditions?

Answer 14

•spread out chloroplasts

Question 15

elodea lab:
what happened to the chloroplast when:
adding saline solution

Answer 15

clumped together in the center of the cell

•water molecules rushing into the cell

Question 16

elodea lab:
what happened to the chloroplast when:
adding distilled water

Answer 16

pushed outward, near the cell wall

•the cell expands because water is being added

Question 17

glycolysis reactants

Answer 17

• 1 glucose molecule
• 2 ADP molecules
• 2 NAD molecules

Question 18

glycolysis reactants

Answer 18

• 2 pyruvic acids
• 2 ATP
• 2 NADH

Question 19

location/process/purpose of glycolysis:

Answer 19

location: cytoplasm
oxygen present: no
process: anaerobic respiration
purpose: extract energy from glucose in the form of ATP

Question 20

how many carbon atoms in one molecule of glucose?

Answer 20

6

Question 21

how many carbon atoms in one molecule of pyruvic acids?

Answer 21

3

Question 22

krebs cycle reactants:

Answer 22

• 2 pyruvic acids
• 1 ADP
• 4 NAD+
• 1 FAD

Question 23

krebs cycle products:

Answer 23

• 6CO2
• 2 ATP
• 4 NADH
• 2 FADH2

Question 24

location/process/purpose of krebs cycle:

Answer 24

location: mitichondrial matrix
process: anaerobic respiration
oxygen: no
purpose: convert pyruvic acid acid into 3 CO2 molecules

Question 25

ETC reactants:

Answer 25

* 1 ADP * 1 NADH * 1 FADH2

Question 26

ETC products:

Answer 26

* 34 ATP | * 6 H2O

Question 27

location/process/purpose of ETC:

Answer 27

location: mitochondrial matrix/inner mitochondrial membrane oxygen: yes process: anaerobic respiration purpose: hydrogen ions are transported across the membrane to produce large amounts of ATP

Question 28

ionic bond

Answer 28

metal nonmetal

Question 29

covalent bond

Answer 29

two non metals

Question 30

metallic bond

Answer 30

between two metals

Question 31

BARF

Answer 31

B breaking bonds A absorbs energy R released energy F forming bonds

Question 32

exothermic

Answer 32

less energy

Question 33

endothermic

Answer 33

more energy

Question 34

EXOTHERMIC OR ENDOTHERMIC: cellular respiration

Answer 34

exothermic

Question 35

EXOTHERMIC OR ENDOTHERMIC: photosynthesis

Answer 35

endothermic